湖南洞庭湖区水稻生产的环境成本评估  

Environmental cost of rice production in Dongting Lake area of Hunan Province

作　　者：向平安[1] 黄璜[1] 燕惠民 周燕 郑华[4] 黄兴国[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省农业环境保护管理站,长沙410011 [3]长沙卷烟厂科研中心,长沙410014 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2005年第11期2187-2193,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(863-306-ZD05-3-E);湖南省科技厅资助项目(OONK1001).

摘　　要：我国是一个农业大国.探讨水稻生产的环境成本,对于农业可持续发展和绿色GDP核算体系的建立具有重要意义.以我国主要产粮区之一的洞庭湖区为研究对象,从农药污染、化肥污染、温室气体排放、地膜残留、稻田潜育化和围湖造田等6个方面估算了该区1999年水稻生产的环境成本.结果表明,1999年洞庭湖区水稻生产的环境成本为41.91×108元,约为1999年该区域农业生产总值的26.8%,相当于1999年该区域种植总产值的28.5%.为了水稻可持续生产,提出了环境成本内在化的策略.研究认为,水稻生产在给人类带来巨大福利的同时,对环境带来的损害也是不容忽视的,今后应加强水稻生产对环境影响机制的基础研究和水稻生产环境成本评估的理论和方法研究.To evaluate the environmental cost of rice production is of significance for the sustainable development of agriculture and the set - up of green GDP accounting system. In this paper, the environmental cost of rice production in Dongting Lake area, one of the main bread baskets in China, was evaluated from the aspects of pesticide pollution, chemical fertilizer pollution, greenhouse gases emission, plastic film persistence, paddyfield gleyization, and polderization. The results showed that in 1999, the total environmental cost of rice production in this area was 41.91 billion yuan, equivalent to 26.8 % of its total agricultural production value, or 28.5 % of the gross output of its planting industry. For the sustainable production of rice, the strategies for decrease environmental cost intrinsically were put forward.

关 键 词：水稻生产 环境成本 生态农业 洞庭湖区 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]