南方丘陵地区农业小流域最佳管理措施模拟评价  

Evaluation of Optimum Management Practices of a Small Agricultural Watershed in Southeast China

作　　者：张玉珍 陈能汪[2] 曹文志[2] 洪华生[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省环境保护局,福州350003 [2]厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室环境科学研究中心,厦门361005

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第6期151-155,共5页Resources Science

基　　金：福建省"十五"重大科技攻关项目(编号:2002H009);国家自然科学基金(编号:40301045)

摘　　要：农业非点源污染严重影响流域水质,对营养盐氮磷流失的模型模拟与控制措施方案的科学制定是当前国内外研究重点。本文利用多年的降雨-径流、水质实测数据对农业非点源污染模型(AGNPS)进行了模拟校验,通过校验后的模型用于最佳管理措施的模拟评价。AGNPS模型校验结果表明,模型模拟的径流量、峰值流量、氮和磷与实测值吻合得相当好,Nash-Sutcliffe系数均在0.75以上,且模拟值与实测值差异不显著(P<0.05)。用校验后的模型模拟评价了2项现状管理措施(等高耕作与多水塘系统)和3项假设情景方案(降低30%施肥水平、坡地果园退耕还林及其组合)。结果表明等高耕作与多水塘系统对于降低营养盐的流失效果显著,另外3项假设措施方案也有相当好的环境效果。通过农业措施方案的模拟及其环境效果对比,为流域农业非点源污染控制与水资源管理提供科学借鉴。Poor watershed management and land-use practices have led to nutrient losses and subsequent degradation of surface water quality and caused eutrophication of coastal and freshwater ecosystems. Best management practices （BMPs） are recommended to mitigate non-point source pollution （NPS）. Many practices intended to minimize the negative environmental effects of land-use activities while maintaining the productivity of land. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the alternative management practices prudently to select BMPs before implementation in a specific agricultural watershed. In this study, an event-based agricultural non-point source pollution model （AGNPS） was calibrated and validated in an agricultural watershed in Southeast China. Output evaluation of the model was based on statistical comparison between measured and predicted value. The calibration and validation results indicate that the linear correlation coefficients for runoff and nutrients both exceed 95 %. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients are 0.93 and 0.86 for runoff, 0.75 and 0.57 for peak runoff rate, 0.83 and 0.84 for total nitrogen, whereas 0.95 and 0.89 for total phosphorus in calibration and validation process, respectively. With the exception of extreme precipitation intensity, the runoff and nutrient yield are well predicted. The validated model was then applied to simulate the performance of two existed management practices and three scenarios using current management practices as background losses of non-point source （NPS） pollutants. Simulations show that the existed management practices （contour cultivation and multi-pond system） are very effective in reducing nutrient losses although they have different performance on the reduction of various nutrients. Multi-pond system, as a traditional water management practice for irrigation, reduced nitrogen and phosphorus losses significantly. Contour cultivation, as a typical practice reducing soil erosion in slope areas, decreased the losses of sediment-bound nitrogen and pho

关 键 词：最佳管理措施 AGNPS模型 非点源污染 氮磷 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]