化妆品生产车间空气细菌的分布特征  

Distribution Character of Bacteria in the Air of Cosmetic Workshops

作　　者：钟嶷[1] 郭重山[1] 李小晖[1] 李锦光[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2005年第6期459-462,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：广东省重点科技项目(2KM06402S)

摘　　要：目的探索各类化妆品生产车间空气细菌的分布与变化情况,对化妆品生产企业的良好作业规范(GMP)建立提供科学依据。方法于2001年10月-2003年12月选择广州市24家不生产粉类(如膜粉、胭脂、粉饼等)的化妆品厂,其中采用空气过滤净化系统的化妆品厂(以下简称净化厂)11家,未采用空气过滤净化系统的化妆品厂(以下简称非净化厂)13家,以及未采用空气过滤净化系统生产粉类(面膜、胭脂、眼影等)的化妆品厂(以下简称粉类厂)9家。分别在净化厂和非净化厂的生产车间(更衣间、卫生通道、配料间、制作间、静置间、储瓶间、分装间)和粉类厂的生产车间(更衣间、卫生通道、配料间、制作间、静置间、打粉间、压粉间、分装间)设采样点,在室外设对照点。在生产前(紫外线消毒30min后,未采用空气过滤净化系统的化妆品厂不开通风排气装置)、生产后(生产1h)各采样1次,分别在冬春(11-3月)、夏秋(4-10月)用撞击法重复采样,测定空气细菌总数。结果3类化妆品厂生产车间空气细菌总数分别是净化厂<非净化厂<粉类厂,差异有统计学意义;生产车间生产中空气细菌总数的P25～P75为160～1130cfu/m3;净化厂和粉类厂生产车间空气细菌总数季节差异无统计学意义,非净化厂生产车间空气细菌总数夏秋季>冬春季,差异有统计学意义;生产时净化厂以更衣间、静置间和分装间空气细菌总数相对较高,非净化厂以卫生通道、更衣间和分装间空气细菌总数相对较高;粉类厂更衣间、卫生通道、制作间空气细菌总数相对较高。非净化厂和粉类厂细菌总数随外界变化而变化;车间空气中0.5μm尘埃粒子数与空气细菌总数呈正相关熏有统计学意义(rs=0.358,P<0.0001)。结论应该重视化妆品生产厂更衣间、卫生通道、静置间和分装间消毒和通风,加强产品生产过程的密封,提高生产的机械化、自动化,增加除Objective To understand the distribution character of bacteria in the air of cosmetic workshops and present scientific data for the GMP establishment of cosmetic factories. Methods Of cosmetic factories 11 equipped with air depuration systems （ADS）（type Ⅰ）, 13 with no ADS （type Ⅱ）and 9 producing powder products （such as kermes, face mask, etc.） with no ADS （tyoe Ⅲ）were chosen, distribution character of bacteria in the air was studied there. The bacteria samplings were conducted before and after operation and in winter and spring, summer and autumn respectively. Results The bacterial count in the three kinds of factories was： type Ⅰ〈type Ⅱ〈type Ⅲ, with a significant difference. The range of P25-P75 was 160-1 130 cfu/m^3 （impacting method）. In type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ, the bacterial count had no statistical difference among different seasons, but in type Ⅱ, the bacterial count was significant among different seasons, it was higher in summer and autumn. In type Ⅰ, the bacterial count in bathroom, confect workshop and separate packaging workshop were significant higher during operation; and in type Ⅱ, the bacterial count in clean passage, bathroom and separate packaging workshop were statistically higher; in type Ⅲ, the bacterial count in clean passage, bathroom, confect workshop and separate packaging workshop were statistically higher. In factories of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ, the bacterial count had a positive relationship to the air particles and the bacterial count changed as the outdoor bacterial count changed. Conclusion For prevention of bacteria pollution in a cosmetic factory, choosing site for building factory is an important factor, in addition, more attention should be paid to disinfection, aeration of clean passage, confect workshop, separate packaging workshop and the purification in transportation and producing process.

关 键 词：化妆品 空气污染 空气微生物学 

分 类 号：R122.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]