加热炉管外积灰及减少积灰的措施  

Soot Formation in Heater and Its Countermeasures

作　　者：钱建华 

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气华东输油管理局

出　　处：《油气储运》1996年第1期46-47,共2页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

摘　　要：分析了输油管道直接式加热炉炉管积灰的形成、灰垢的种类和成分。认为灰垢就是燃料油燃烧后残留下来的不可燃部分Na、K、V、Mg等金属固体盐类和其它杂质,以及碳元素在燃烧不完全的情况下残留下的可燃组分的微粒。指出燃料灰分含量的高低、燃烧器雾化质量好坏、燃烧空气温度的高低及操作人员的技术水平的高低都是影响灰垢生成量的主要因素。分析了辐射室炉管外壁和对流炉管外壁的积灰规律。指出管外积灰增加了热阻,影响传热效果,使热效率下降;减小烟气的流通面积,使烟气流速升高,烟气流动阻力加大,反过来影响火嘴的正常燃烧;加剧露点腐蚀,缩短加热炉的使用寿命。提出了人工定期清扫、在对流室安装吹灰器、在对流宝箱板上安装活动清扫门等清扫方法。同时还提出选用雾化性好的火嘴、燃烧器前加装一定密度的燃油过滤器等减少积灰的措施。Analysed in this paper are the soot formation, its types and components in the heater for oil transmission pipeline system. It is believed that the soot consists of residual nonflamable salts and foreign matters in the fuel, such as Na, K. V, Mg, and some flamabble particles left due to incomplete combustion. It is pointed out that the soot volume depends greatly upon ash content in the fuel, the performance of burner nozzle, air temperature, and burning operation. General soot forming regulations are summarized for radiant coils and convection coils. It is concluded that the coating on coils will result in poor heat conduction, low burnung efficiency and low burner performance due to the increace of the resistance against flue gas re-circulation; aggravation of dew point corrosion and short heater service life. Suggested are the following mesures against soot formation; periodical manual cleaning, installing a soot blower in convection box. installing a soot door in convection box. selecting burners with better atomization. installing a fuel filter in the upstream of the burner.

关 键 词：加热炉 灰分 火嘴 过滤器 热阻 输油管道 

分 类 号：TE973.7[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]