豫医无毛小鼠皮肤形态及超微结构观察  

Gross morphology and ultrastructural characterization of the skin in Yuyi hairless mice(Mus musculus)

作　　者：章金涛[1] 方盛国[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院濒危野生动物保护遗传学及繁殖生物学教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（理学版）》2005年第6期678-684,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University（Science Edition）

基　　金：国家林业局948资助项目(No.2003-4-42);国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.39970119)

摘　　要：对豫医无毛小鼠及对照的有毛小鼠皮肤形态及超微结构进行了对比观察,结果发现豫医无毛小鼠出生后被毛状态正常,但是在12日龄前后开始从上眼睑脱毛,接着向头部、尾部扩展,整个脱毛过程约持续2周时间,结果除胡须外全部脱净,并终生不再生.脱毛后的豫医无毛小鼠内脏可视,随年龄的增长,皮肤角化程度和厚度增加,体表面积扩大,形成犀牛状褶痕;指甲过度生长,呈螺旋状弯曲,皮肤表面有淡黄色蜡样粘性物,而且随年龄增长,皮肤表面出现小的丘疹,胡须变得短而稀疏.电镜扫描发现脱毛前毛囊上部的毛管先变大,然后再脱毛,2月龄无毛小鼠皮肤表面有许多形状、大小不规则的泡沬样物质,沿着皮肤沟排列,无毛小鼠毛囊漏斗部极度扩张,内含一些角化样碎片,形成较大的椭圆囊,在真皮及皮下组织出现大小不等的包囊.至8月龄时,无毛小鼠皮肤表面为鳞片状角化物,真皮及皮下组织退化,弹性纤维排列凌乱,真皮及皮下组织几乎全部被几层大的真皮包囊充填.The gross and scanning electronical morphologies of Yuyi hairless mice skin were observed and compared with haired littermates. It was shown that Yuyi hairless mice grow a first coat of hair and appear normal until about 12 days after birth when loss of hair begins from periorbit. The loss of hair proceeds in a caudal direction. Except for vibrissae, hairless-like mutant mice develop alopecia after 2 weeks, grow no new hair, and the viscera are visible under the skin surface. With increased age, their skin becomes progressively thickened, loose and redundant, the skin of aged mouse forms rhinoceros-like folds and flaps, furthermore, the claws are noticeably elongated and tortuous, a waxy deposition and papules appear on the skin, the vibrissae are repeatedly shed and become shorter and sparser with age. With electron microscope scanning, it could be found that the pilary canals of upper follicle are first widened before shedding hair, and then lose their fur coats. At 2 months of age countless bubble or global-like substances are developed on the skin surface in shape and size arranging in rows along the skin grooves. Pilary canals distend to be lenient utricles containing keratin fragments, Cysts in different of size appear in dermis. At the age of 8 months the scale keratinized material substitute bubble-like substances, the skin grooves and ridges are exposed, dermis and subcutaneous tissue regress, elastic fibers are in a mess, and filled with several layers of bigger cysts.

关 键 词：无毛小鼠 皮肤 形态 超微结构 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]