河西绿洲灌漠土长期施肥效应及土壤生产力演变  

Effect of long-term fertilization and evolvement of soil productivity on irrigated desert soil of oasis area

作　　者：索东让 杨生茂[2] 孙炳玲 孙宁科 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省张掖市农业科学研究所,甘肃张掖734000 [2]甘肃省农业科学院土肥所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2005年第6期56-60,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国际科学基金会项目(C/3571-1);甘肃省科学事业费项目(QS031-C31-13)

摘　　要：张掖绿洲灌漠土连续21 a长期肥料试验结果表明:与无肥处理产量下降相对照,施肥的增产效果逐年提高,平衡施肥增产幅度显著大于单施氮肥.单施氮肥处理土壤生产力水平由第1轮作周期的89.8%降为第7轮作周期的28.5%;在不施用有机肥条件下,种植到第3轮作周期时作物开始对施钾有反应,施钾增产率为5.5%～22.7%;氮磷钾化肥长期配合施用,作物产量水平持续不减,土壤生产力平均达93.5%,表明氮磷钾化肥配合施用并不破坏土壤生产力.有机肥与氮肥配合施用,其交互作用为正效应;有机肥与磷、钾化肥配合施用交互作用为负效应.不施任何肥料时,绿洲灌漠土土壤生产力平均下降59.6%(第1～4轮作周期);到第5～7轮作周期时,土壤生产力下降幅度保持在16.7%～22.7%相对较低且稳定的水平;化肥对作物产量的贡献份额平均为50.5%;有机肥贡献份额为21.6%;土壤自然肥力贡献份额平均为19.0%.The 21-year long-term fertilization experiment was carried out on irrigated desert soil in the oasis area of Zhangye. The results showed that, as the yield of no-fertilizer treatment decreased gradually, the yield-increase effect of fertilization was increased year after year, and the increase rate of balance fertilization was remarkably higher than N fertilizer. The soil productivity of N fertilizer treatment was reduced from 89.8% in the 1st rotation period to 28.5% in the 7th period. Under the condition of no organic manure, the K fertilizer became effective to the crops from the 3rd rotation period, and the yield increase rate was 5.5%-22.7%. Under the condition of long-term compounding application of N, P and K fertilizers, the crop yield kept steady, and the average soil productivity was 93.5 %, showing that the compounding application of fertilizers didn＇t destroy the soil productivity. The interaction effect of organic manure and N fertilizer was positive, whereas that of organic manure and P or K fertilizer was negative. Without any fertilizer, the average decrease rate of soil productivity was 59.6% during the 1st to the 4th rotation period, and the decrease rate kept 16.7%-22.7% during the 5th to the 7th period. The contribution quotient of chemical fertilizer, organic manure and soil natural fertility to crop yield was 50.5%, 21.6% and 19.0% respectively.

关 键 词：长期施肥 肥料效应 产量贡献份额 土壤生产力 灌漠土 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学]