尖角突脐孢菌在稗草和水稻上的萌发和侵染行为比较研究  

COMPARISON OF GERMINATION AND INFECTION OF EXSEROHILUM MONOCERAS ON BARNYARD GRASS AND RICE

作　　者：杨敏[1] 李健强[1,2] 倪汉文[1] 刘西莉[1] 王琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院 [2]农业部农药化学与应用技术重点开放实验室北京100094

出　　处：《菌物学报》2005年第4期551-557,共7页Mycosystema

基　　金：农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(No.2003-07-03B);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-04-0128)资助

摘　　要：本试验结合曲利苯兰和荧光素钠两种染色方法的优点,从显微角度研究了尖角突脐孢菌(Exserohilum monoceras)两个菌株X-27和HN-14在稗草和水稻上萌发和侵染行为的差异。结果表明,在寄主稗草上,接种4h后尖角突脐孢菌孢子开始从一端或两端萌发形成初生芽管;10h后芽管顶端膨大形成附着胞,附着在寄主表面,两端萌发的孢子约90%一端败育,仅一端形成成熟附着胞;在接种后24h内成熟附着胞形成率与接种时间成正相关,24h后趋于稳定;16h后在成熟附着胞下方受侵染的细胞内指状吸器开始形成,随后发育为掌状吸器;接种36h后菌丝在组织表面扩展形成网状,同时稗草叶片上显现叶斑病症状,部分菌丝能在细胞间蔓延扩展。在非寄主植物水稻上,同样观察到孢子萌发产生芽管,但是萌发起始时间滞后大约4h,初生菌丝分枝明显减少,且未能观察到附着胞和吸器的产生。The histological difference of germination and infection of Exserohilum monoceras isolates HN-14 and X-27 on bamyardgrass and rice was studied with trypan blue and uranine staining. The results showed that on the host bamyardgrass, spores began to germinate and form primary germtube from one or two ends after 4 hours of inoculation. After 10 hours, appressoria began to form at the tips of germtube and attached on the surface of host. Generally, only one end of spores could form appressoria and the appressoria of another end were mostly withered. The mature appressorium formation ratio had positive correlation with incubation time within 24 h after inoculation, and the ratio became stable after 24h. After 16 hours, finger-like haustoria started to appear in the infected cell, then mature palm-like haustoria developed. After 36 hours, the branched hyphae expanded to form web-like structure, and macroscopic brown lesion was observed. A great deal of hyphae formed and extended in the host tissue were also observed. On the surface of rice leaves, spores germination and germtube formation can also be observed, but germination lagged about 4h, primary hyphae branched less and no appressoria and haustoria developed.

关 键 词：组织染色 稗草生防 附着胞 吸器 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护]