苜蓿传粉特性及其制约种子产量形成的因素分析  

Analysis on the pollination character and factors limitingthe seed yield of alfalfa in pollination

作　　者：张爱勤[1] 谭敦炎[2] 朱进忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业工程学院新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2005年第11期40-45,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆发改委资助项目"苜蓿原种基地扩建与生产技术体系的研究"

摘　　要：采用传粉生物学的方法,对'新牧1号'杂花苜蓿Medicago lupulina的花朵酬物、花粉特性、访花者种类、访花行为、访花频率、传粉效果等方面进行了观测,并对种子生产中导致低产的原因进行了分析.结果显示:1)每花有花粉(3 509.3±299.12)粒,产蜜0.1～0.5μL/d,持续3～5 d.单花9:30-10:30开始泌蜜,16:00-18:00达到泌蜜高峰.2)花粉败育率为(40.48±2.33)%;新鲜花粉活力(51.87±2.08)%,在室温下放置7 d后,活力降至25.39%;自然状态下每花柱头上有花粉(36.20±2.12)粒,P/O(花粉数/胚珠数)值为(288.73±32.01).3)初花期及盛花初期约有访花昆虫5种.在10 m2小区内,平均每天拜访25.33次,拜访花序17.67个;在标记的10个花序中,未观察到拜访昆虫.盛花期约有访花昆虫15种.在10 m2小区内,平均每天拜访187次,拜访花序1 083个;在标记的10个花序中,平均每天每花序被拜访2.1次.4)从传粉效果看:初花期及盛花初期开放的花序,结荚率为(16.45±2.91)%,荚内种子数(3.91±0.34)粒;盛花期开放的花序,结荚率为(83.32±1.31)%,荚内种子数(5.12±0.25)粒.上述结果表明:在传粉过程中,苜蓿花朵酬物少、花粉败育率高、昆虫传粉效率低是导致其种子产量低下的主要因素之一.With the aid of the pollination biology methods, the floral rewards, pollen character ,flower visitors, foraging behavior and visitation rate of flower visitors on inflorescences, and the pollination effect of alfalfa have been studied. The main results are as follows. 1） A flower can provides 3 509.3±299. 12 pollen grains and 0.1～0.5μl/d of nectar. The nectar-rewarding period of flower begins from 9.30-10.30 and its peak is at 16.00-18.00 in the afternoon. It lasts 3～5 days after anthesis. 2） The incidence of pollen grains abortion is 40.48±2.33%. The pollen viability is 51.87±2.08%, and it dropped to 25.39% after 7 days. In natural conditions, an average of 36.20±2.12 pollen grains are found on the surface of a stigma. The pollen-ovule ratios （P/O） is 288. 73±32.01.3） There are about 5 species pollinating insects observed in the first florescence. The average visitation rate of flies as the main pollinators is 25.33 per 10 m^2 area per day and 0 per flower per day in 10 flowers marked. At anthesis 15 species of visiting insects were observed. The average visitation rate of flies as the main pollinators is 2.1 per flower per day and 187 per 10 m2 area per day. 4） From the pollination effect, the mean seed set rate of the flower opened at first florescence is 16.45±2.91%, and owns 3.91±0.34 seeds per pod. The flower opens at anthesis, the mean seed-set rate is 83.32± 1.31%, and owns 5.12±0.25 seeds per pod. Conclusion. with limited floral reward, the higher incidence of pollen grains abortion, the lower efficiency of pollination insects leading to the lower seed yield of alfalfa.

关 键 词：苜蓿 传粉特性 传粉效率 种子产量 制约因素 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]