民族主义与国际认同之间——以刘师培的中国人种、文明西来说为例  被引量:19

Between Nationalism and International Identity: Analyze the Hypothesis of Chinese Civilization West Coming of Liu Shipei

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作  者:李帆[1,2] 

机构地区:[1]北京师范大学历史系 [2]邮编:100875

出  处:《史学理论研究》2005年第4期97-102,共6页Historiography Bimonthly

摘  要:清朝末年,中国人种、文明自西而来的说法颇为流行,博得章太炎、刘师培、梁启超等知名学者与思想家的推崇。作为国粹派的主将,刘师培能够接受法国汉学家拉克伯里的影响,承认以华夏族为代表的中国人种、文明自西方巴比伦而来,显然基于多方面因素政治上,此说有助于作为激进民族主义者的刘师培以及国粹派中人实现他们排满复汉的奋斗目标。学术上,此说与他们“借西学证明中学”,从而使国粹获得一种相对普遍的价值的主张相吻合。究其实,这反映出他们的一种两全心态———保持民族特性的同时获得国际认同不过,两全心态同时也带来了两难困境。因为在民族主义与国际认同之间,存在着显而易见的紧张关系,不易两全。刘师培等人1907年后放弃此说,就在于他们无力从这种困境中解脱出来。The hypothesis of western coming of the Chinese race and civilization gained wider popularity at the late of Qing Dynasty. It attracted the attention of great thinkers and scholars in China that time, such as Zhang Taiyan、Liu Shipei and Liang Qichao. Liu Shipei was much influenced by the study of the French Sinologist, Terrien de Lacouperie and recognized that the core group of the Chinese race and civilization originated from the west, the civilization of Babylon. It is unthinkable that Liu Shipei favor of this hypothesis, as a radical nationalist against Manchu and a member of the National Essence School. But in fact the identity with the hypothesis corresponded with the political aims of the School. The principle of the National Essence School in academy was to 'prove Chinese learning through Western learning'. It meant one side they wanted to maintain the Chinese national essence and cultural particularity. The other side they wanted to obtain a kind of universal value for the Chinese culture. But the attitude of them leaded to a situation of dilemma. It was the reason why Liu Shipei and others abandoned the hypothesis after 1907.

关 键 词:民族主义 国际认同 刘师培 中国 清朝末期 历史研究 

分 类 号:K257[历史地理—历史学]

 

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