不同土壤及氮肥条件下水稻氮利用效率和增产效应研究  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Rice under Different Soil Conditions

作　　者：叶全宝 张洪程 魏海燕 张瑛 汪本福 夏科 霍中洋 戴其根许 轲 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学作物栽培工程技术中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2005年第11期1422-1428,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370827);国家科技攻关计划(2004BA520A03);中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤圈物质循环重点实验室课题;江苏省高等学校研究生创新计划项目

摘　　要：在土培池条件下,研究了2种土壤(砂土和黏土)和4种施氮水平下4个水稻品种(组合)施用氮利用效率、增产效应及吸氮特性。结果表明,(1)在砂土和黏土上施用氮肥均能显著提高水稻产量,但黏土上的产量显著高于砂土上的,而砂土施用氮肥的增产效应显著高于黏土。(2)不同土壤条件下,水稻对氮肥的利用情况不同。氮素收获指数和氮肥生理利用率呈砂土>黏土的趋势,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥偏生产力和土壤氮素依存率呈黏土>砂土的趋势,而氮肥农艺利用率则因水稻基因型不同在不同土壤上表现有所差异。(3)随施氮水平的提高,氮素收获指数、氮肥农艺利用率、氮肥生理利用率、氮肥偏生产力和土壤氮素依存率,在2种土壤条件下,均呈显著下降趋势;而氮肥表观利用率在砂土条件下呈一直上升趋势,以高肥处理最高,在黏土条件下则呈现先上升,至中肥最大,高肥显著下降的趋势。(4)秸秆吸氮量、籽粒吸氮量和总吸氮量均呈黏土>砂土的趋势,但差异相对较小。(5)在不同土壤条件下,水稻施用氮肥的增产效应、氮肥利用效率和对氮素的积累与分配均存在显著的基因型差异。Nitrogen is the indispensable nutrient to rice production. The uptake of nitrogen are affected by varietal characteristics, fertilizer application, soil condition and environment factors. Rational application technique and nitrogen use efficiency for rice in the field have been studied by many scholars, which had a direct effect on high-yield and highefficiency production of flee. However, all of them were studied under the same soil condition. There have been limited studies on the nitrogen use efficiency and yield under different soil conditions. In fact, the difference of soil condition consequentially results in the difference of nutrient uptake in rice under the same land tillage and management in the same region. Four rice cultivars were used to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency, yield and characters of nitrogen uptake under two soil conditions（sandy and clay soil） in soil culture pool. The results were as follows ： （ 1 ） Yield of rice in sandy and clay soil was increased by nitrogen application, and that in clay soil was higher than that in sandy soil, but the effect of nitrogen on yield increment was greater in sandy soil than in clay soil. （2） Nitrogen utilization of rice was different under different soil conditions. NHI （N harvest index） and PNUE （physiological N use efficiency） were higher in sandy soil than in clay soil. ANRE （apparent N recovery efficiency）, PFP （partial factor productivity for applied N） and SNDR （soil N dependent rate） were higher in clay soil than in sandy soil. ANUE was varied in different cultivars under different soil conditions. （3） NHI, ANUE （agronomic N use effciency）, PNUE, PFP and SNDR were decreased significantly with the increment of amount of nitrogen applied under the two soil conditions. In sandy soil, ANRE increased with the increasing nitrogen application and reached the highest value at high nitrogen level. However, in clay soil, ANRE was increased with increasing of the nitrogen applicati

关 键 词：水稻 土壤条件 施用氮肥 氮肥利用效率 增产效应 吸氮特性 氮利用效率 水稻品种 氮肥 效应研究 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]