培智学校学生体格发育及健康状况分析  

Physique development and health status of the special education school students

作　　者：孙军玲[1] 季成叶[1] 张欣[2] 李勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京市100083 [2]天津医科大学公共卫生学院儿童青少年卫生系,天津市300070

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第40期104-106,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划课题(2001CB510310);2003年高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20030001043)~~

摘　　要：目的:通过对天津市6所培智学校学生的调查,以分析培智学校学生生长发育水平和健康状况。方法:于2004-04整群选择天津市6所培智学校6～22岁,且自愿参与的学生221人为观察对象。其中男138人,女83人。分别检测每位学生的体格发育水平(检测指标有身高、体质量、胸围、维尔维克指数、人体质量指数、坐高指数及艾里斯曼指数)、生理功能(指标有脉搏、收缩压、舒张压、布兰奇心功指数、肺活量及肺活量指数),然后进行抽血化验以测定血液生化水平(血脂谱正常值为:总胆固醇3.5～5.7mmol/L;三酰甘油0.5～1.71mmol/L;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇1.1～1.4mmol/L穴男雪和1.2～1.6mmol/L穴女雪;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇2.3～3.1mmol/L;极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇0.18～0.88mmol/L。贫血采用WHO筛查标准)。按2000年天津学生体质调研数据P5、P25、P75、P95等划分5个等级,分析培智学生在不同等级的构成分布。结果:调查221人全部进入结果分析。①体格发育水平:23.98%的培智学生身高在同龄正常儿童P5以下,而体质量则高于P95,胸围在P95以上者达16.67%,从不同侧面反映体型的维尔维克指数、人体质量指数和艾里斯曼指数高于P95以上者分别为24.43%、26.24%、16.29%、23.53%。②生理功能发育水平:收缩压、舒张压P95以上者占38.29%和14.86%;肺活量位于P5以下者占60.93%,而肺活量指数居P5以下者占66.5%。布兰奇心功能指数P95以上者占30.45%。③血液生化水平:贫血检出率为10.6%,三酰甘油处于偏高水平者达8.2%,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇偏低水平者达34.7%,调查对象中分别有40%和69.8%的人总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇甚至低于正常范围。结论:培智学校学生的体格发育状况较差,存在明显的双峰现象,生理功能水平偏低,脂代谢紊乱也比较多见,应通过健康教育、生活指导和保健措施提高培智学生的体质健康状况。AIM： To analyze the growth and development levels and health status of the students of special education through the investigation to students from 6 schools for special education in Tianjin city. METHODS： In April 2004, 221 students （138 males and 83 females） aged 6-22 years from six schools for special education in Tianjin city were sampled by cluster, they all participated in the study voluntarily. The indexes of the physique development （including body height, body mass, chest circumference, Verwaeck index, body mass index, sitting height index, Erismann index）, physiological function （including pulse, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, Branch index, vital capacity and vital capacity index） were detected in each student, and then blood samples were drawn to determine the blood biochemical indexes [normal values for blood lipid pattern： total cholesterol was 3.5-5.7 mmol/L; triglyceride was 0.5-1.71 mmol/L; high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） was 1.1-1.4 mmol/L for males and 1.2-1.6 mmol/L for females; low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） was 2.3-3.1 mmol/L; very low density lipoprotein cholesterol （VLDL-C） was 0.18-0.88 mmol/L. Anemia was screened according to the WHO standard]. According to the database of the student＇s physical fitness survey in Tianjin in 2000, we classified the students into 5 ranks by P5, P25, P75, P95, and their component distribution was analyzed. RESULTS： All the 221 subjects entered the analysis of results. ① Level of physique development： 23.98% of the students＇ body height was lower than the P5 of normal children at same age, higher body mass which was higher than P95 and 16.67 of the students had and their waist circumference was higher than P95. The Verwaeck index, body mass index and Erismann index, which reflected body shape from different aspects, were higher than P95 in 24.43%, 26.24%, 16.29% and 23.53%. ② Development level of physio- logical function： Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were higher than Pgs

关 键 词：儿童 特殊 儿童发育 体格检查 

分 类 号：R491.32[医药卫生—康复医学]