串联重复序列的物种差异及其生物功能  

Distribution Characteristics and Biological Function of Tandem Repeat Sequences in the Genomes of Different Organisms

作　　者：高焕[1,2,3] 孔杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2005年第5期555-564,共10页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)(G1999012007);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2003AA603021);中国水产科学院水产种质资源与养殖技术重点开放实验室开放基金(南海水产研究所)

摘　　要：串联重复序列是指1-200个碱基左右的核心重复单位,以头尾相串联的方式重复多次所组成的重 复序列。它广泛存在于真核生物和一些原核生物的基因组中,并表现出种属、碱基组成等的特异性。在基因组 整体水平上,各种优势的重复序列类型不同。即使在同一重复序列类型内部,不同重复拷贝类别(如AT、AC 等)在基因组中的存在也表现出很大的差异。同时,这些重复序列类型和各重复拷贝类别在同一物种的不同染 色体间,以及基因的编码区和非编码区间也表现种属和碱基组成差异。这些差异显示了重复序列起源和进化的 复杂性,可能涉及到多种机制和因素,并与生物功能密切相关。另外,由于重复序列分析软件和统计标准还存 在算法、重复长度、完美性等问题,需要进一步探讨。此外,串联重复序列的自身进化关系、全基因组水平上 的进化地位、在基因组中的生物功能、重复序列数据库建立和应用研究等,将是今后研究的主要课题。Tandem repeat sequences, also known as direct repeats, are repeat sequences in which the length of the repeat unit changes mainly from 1 to 200 bp size, and the repeat unit is arranged in a “head-tail” conjunction mode, and is distributed widely in the genome of eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. At the level of full genomes, both the abundance and distribution characteristics of repeat types, such as dinueleotide repeats and trinueleotide repeats et cetera are varied in different organisms, and the variedness also occurs in different repeat classes, such as AT and AC repeat classes etc. and across inter-chromosomes, and even between coding regions and noneoding regions. All of the above differences indicate that the genesis and evolution of tandem repeat sequences are complex and may involve several mechanisms and factors, as is typical of biology. Additionally, there exist some problems preventing us from further studying the tandem repeat sequences, e.g. the software to analyze repeat sequences, criteria such as the length, the copy number, and the perfect or imperfect delimitation to determine what is a repeat sequence or not which varies across researchers. In order to ad- dress these problems, six future research directions should be pursued： The study of tandem repeat sequences, the selfevolution relations of tandem repeat sequences, the evolution status in the level of full genomes, the biology function, the establishment of tandem repeat sequence data-banks, and their application researches.

关 键 词：串联重复序列 微卫星 小卫星 基因组 起源与进化 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]