闽东渔场不同生态类群的鱼类资源生产量  

Fish stock yield by various eco-groups in eastern Fujian fishing ground

作　　者：卢振彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省水产研究所,福建厦门361012

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2005年第6期731-738,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：福建省海洋与渔业局重点资助项目(闽海渔科2000-04号)

摘　　要：以历次海洋科学调查在闽东渔场获得的初级生产力为基础,通过2000～2001年对该渔场的鱼类资源结构、浮游植物有机碳含量、生态效率、主要经济鱼类营养级及其有机碳含量等模型参数的调查和检测,采用营养动态模型和Cushing模型估算鱼类资源的生态容量(潜在生产量),进而应用Steele模型分别估算中上层鱼类、底层鱼类的资源生产量,最后从鱼类资源生产量中分离出近底层鱼类的资源生产量.采用Gadima模式估算鱼类及其各生态类群资源的最大可持续开发量,并讨论它们的开发利用程度.估算结果:闽东渔场鱼类资源生产量为63.08×104t,最大可持续开发量为33.82×104t.其中中上层鱼类资源生产量为38.68×104t,最大可持续开发量为20.34×104 t,底层和近底层鱼类资源生产量分别为13.22×104 t和11.17×104t,最大可持续开发量合计为15.50×104 t.底层和近底层鱼类实际年渔获量自1993年以来已连续11年超过其最大可持续开发量,呈过度捕捞.中上层鱼类实际年渔获量也于1998年以来连续6年超过其最大可持续开发量.因此必须加强保护和管理,采取有力措施削减捕捞力量和渔获量,实行捕捞力量和渔获量'负增长',待到渔获量下降到最大可持续开发量水平时,才恢复实施'零增长'制度.Eastern Fujian fishing ground is semi-tropical maritime space, located in the area of 26°00＇ -27°10＇N, 119°50＇ - 125°00＇E. Being plenty of fish resources, it was one of the important fishing ground in the south of the East China Sea. But after early 1990s, as the fishing effort of the fishing ground increased year after year, the fish catch was increasing continually from 18.95 × 10^4t in 1991 to 46.85 × 10^4t in 2002. And the way of overfishing caused the fish resources to be reduced greatly. The resources production and the MSY of fish were paid attention to by the fishery management office and producers. Although its fish resources had been surveyed for several times between 1950s and 1980s, systematic evaluation about the fish resources hadn＇t been done. In this paper, with primary productivity of eastern Fujian fishing ground, ecological parameters for models, including fish stock structure, phytoplanktonic organic carbon contents, ecological efficiency, trophic levels of commercially important fish and their organic carbon contents, were surveyed and calculated. Models of Trophodynamics and Cushing were adopted to evaluate ecological capacity of its fish stock, and then Steele model for stock estimation of pelagic and demersal fish, finally nearbenthic fish stock was separated from entire stock yield. Meanwhile, Gadia model and MSY simple model were employed to assess maximum sustainable exploitation for fish stock of various ecological groups, and the status quo of their exploitation and utilization was also discussed. Consequently ecological capacity of its fish stock is 63.08×10^4 t, maximizing 33.82×10^4 t for sustainable exploitation, of which 38.68×10^4 t is for pelagic fish （20.34×10^4t for sustainable exploitation）, 13.22×10^4t and 11.17× 10^4t for demersal and near-benthic fish respectively （totaling maximum exploitation of 15.50×10^4t）. Actual catch of demersal and near-benthic fish annually has exceeded their sustainable exploitation limit since 1993, which is the i

关 键 词：鱼类资源生产量 生态类群 闽东渔场 

分 类 号：S931.4[农业科学—渔业资源]