地球深部有机质演化与油气资源  

Organic matter evolution and oil-gas resource in deep earth

作　　者：王先彬[1] 妥进才[1] 周世新[1] 李振西[1] 闫宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所气体地球化学重点实验室

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2005年第4期159-164,共6页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2003CB214606)

摘　　要：突破传统的油气成因理论,研究深层油气和非生物气形成的基础科学问题。地球深部有机质演化涉及两个基本过程①初始复杂有机质经热解作用向简单有机质转化;②初始低分子量含碳物质(CO,CO2等)通过聚合反应形成较高分子量的有机质。研究结果表明,在地球深部油气仍有很高的热力学稳定性,压力抑制了有机质热成熟作用和破坏作用,使得深层烃源岩仍具良好的生烃潜力。有机质成烃过程与外源氢的加入密切相关,外源氢的加入提高了成烃转化率,抑制了有机质的石墨化进程。水是有机质成烃演化的重要氢源。微量过渡金属元素对有机质成烃有重要催化作用。上述两种成烃过程的差异,导致其碳、氢同位素动力学分馏效应各异,反映其特征的同位素组成变异亦大相径庭。深层油气和非生物气具有巨大的资源前景。Based on the unconventional theory of oil-gas and abiogenic gas genesis, two basic processes are involved in the organic matter evolution in the deep earth： the conversion from the primary complicated organic matter to the simple organic matter through thermal decomposition, and the formation of organic matter with higher molecular weight from primary low- molecular carbon-bearing substances （CO, CO2, etc） through polymerization. The investigations show that the oil and gas in the deep earth still possess a high thermal stability and the pressure that retards the maturation and decomposition of organic matter provides the deep source rock with a good hydrocarbon generating potential. The hydrocarbon formation of organic matter is closely affiliated with the exotic hydrogen which enhances the conversion rate of hydrocarbon and retards the graphitization of organic matter. Water is an essential source of hydrogen in the hydrocarbon formation and evolution of organic matter, and trace transitional metal elements play an important catalytic role in the hydrocarbon formation of organic matter. The differences of the two hydrocarbon-forming mechanisms bring about different dynamic fraetionation effects of carbon and hydrogen isotopes and are eharaeterised by a wide divergence in the specific isotopic compositions. The deep oil-gas and abiogenic gas are of a broad prospect of resources,

关 键 词：石油天然气资源 地球深部有机质 深层油气理论 非生物气理论 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]