塔里木河中下游退耕还林还草地的评价方法研究  

Study on the Evaluation Methods of Farmlands Withdrawn from Farming to Afforesting and Grassland Planting in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Tarim River

作　　者：王雷涛[1] 尹林克[1] 孙霞[2] 严成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2005年第4期537-540,共4页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目:退耕还林还草优化模式与途径试验示范(KZCX1-08-02)

摘　　要：针对塔里木河中下游耕地的退耕要求,选择土壤、水资源、气候环境、经济因素4个评价因素及13个参评因子构成评价体系,对该地区169个样地进行评价,判断其是否达到退耕标准。采取最低限制因子法与加权指数和法建立评价模型,计算退耕指数,对退耕指数分级划定退耕范围。评价结果显示,符合退耕标准的耕地面积为7 628.2 hm2,符合中远期退耕标准的耕地面积为6 648.3 hm2,保留耕地为49 774.1 hm2,分别占总耕地面积的11.91%,10.38%,77.71%。评价结果对科学指导塔里木河流域退耕还林还草工程的实施具有重要意义。The study area （40°10＇33＂～41°39＇57＂N, 81°01＇51＂～89°58＇50＂E） is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River and the northeastern marginal zone of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China, it includes Yuli County and 5 farms of Second Division of Xinjiang Group Company of Production and Construction, it is 502 km in east-west length and 165 km in south-north width, and its total area is 59 234.48 km^2. In the study area, the annual precipitation and evaporation vary in ranges of 20～110 mm and 2 429～2 910 mm respectively, strong winds and dust weather occur frequently, and the area under cultivation is 64 050.6 hm^2. Implementation of the project of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting is of significance to improve the ecological environment and control soil erosion and land desertification in the Tarim River Watershed, the largest continental watershed in China, where the ecological environment is extremely vulnerable and some environmental problems occur. In this paper 169 plots of withdrawn from farming to afforesting and grass planting in the study area are evaluated based on the requests and standards for implementing the project of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting by selecting 4 factors including soils, water resources, climatic and environmental conditions and economic situation as the evaluation factors. The results show that the areas of the farmlands measured up the current standards and the long-term standards of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting are 7 628.2 hm^2 and 6 648.3 hm^2 respectively, and the area of the remained farmland is 77.71% of the total area under cultivation respectively project of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and 49 774.1 hm^2, which occupy 11.91%, 10.38% and The evaluated results are of significance for guiding the grass planting in the Tarim River Watershed.

关 键 词：退耕还林还草 评价指标体系 建立 应用 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]