三峡中东部区域0～7岁儿童出生缺陷调查  

Survey of birth defect among 0-7 years old children in the middle east region of Three Gorges

作　　者：闵秀全[1] 向稚丹[1] 李敏[1] 周敏[2] 邓青[2] 张忠寿[2] 姚明荣 彭锋林 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学仁和医院儿科学研究所,湖北省宜昌市443001 [2]三峡大学医学院统计学教研室,湖北省宜昌市443002 [3]宜昌市人口与计划生育委员会,湖北省宜昌市443003

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第39期9-11,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的:了解三峡中东部区域(宜昌市)0～7岁儿童出生缺陷的发生率及其分布情况。方法:①于2002-07/12采用分层随机抽样方法抽取宜昌市13个市区0～7岁儿童10130人进行出生缺陷筛查。被调查儿童的祖父母及父母均为当地人,且监护人对调查项目知情同意。②针对调查表编写基线调查人员的培训资料,统一拟调查的37种出生缺陷疾病的诊断标准。分赴宜昌市13个地区57个乡镇126个村,走村入户,分别对儿童父母进行出生年月、民族、文化程度、工种、居住环境、婚姻、孕期分娩及子女情况、个人健康、家族遗传病史及儿童37种出生缺陷疾病等进行问卷调查。③结果描述采用百分比形式,计数资料差异性测定采用χ2检验。结果:①共发出调查问卷10130份,实际回收9958份,收回填写完整准确9869份,有效率为99.11%。调查儿童男5520人,女4349人,男女之比为1.27∶1。共筛出出生缺陷198人,男132人,女66人,男女之比为2∶1,总患病率为2.01%。②宜昌市不同地区0～7岁儿童出生缺陷率不同,兴山地区最高,西陵地区最低;兴山、远安及秭归出生缺陷率均远高于宜昌市平均水平(P<0.01);夷陵及枝江地区缺陷率亦高于宜昌市平均水平,但无明显差异(P>0.05)。③在198例出生缺陷儿中,发生率最高的出生缺陷是先天性佝偻病,其次是腹股沟疝,居第3位的是先天性心脏病和唇裂,占出生缺陷的53.54%。④腹股沟斜疝主要集中在夷陵、枝江和长阳,佝偻病主要集中在秭归。⑤不同年龄儿童出生缺陷发生率由高到低的顺序为:3～岁,2～岁,6～岁,1～岁,0～岁,4～岁,5～岁。3～岁出生缺陷发生率明显高于5～岁(2.81%,1.17%,χ2=10.5,P<0.01)。⑥被调查的男孩5520人中出生缺陷发生率明显高于女孩,分别为2.36%(132/5520)和1.49%(66/4349,χ2=9.299,P<0.01)。结论:①宜昌市不同地区0～7岁儿童出生缺陷发生率有明显地域、性别差异。②经济�AIM： To investigate the incidence rate and distribution of birth defects among children of 0-7 years old in the middle east region of Three Gorges （Yichang city）. METHODS： Between July and December 2002, totally 10 130 children of 0-7 years old were selected from 13 districts of Yichang city by means of stratified random sampling for the screening of birth defects.The grandparents and parents of the investigated children were all local people, and the children were investigated with the permission of their parents. ① The training data of the baseline investigators were compiled according to the inventory, and the diagnostic standards of the 37 birth defects were uniformly designed. The investigators went to 126 villages of 57 towns in 13 regions of Yichang city to investigate the parents about the date of birth, nationality, educational background, profession, living surrounding, marriage, pregnancy and delivery, children＇s status, individual health, history of family inherited diseases and the children＇s 37 birth defects. ③ The results were expressed as percentage, and the differences of enumeration data were detected with the x^2 test. RESULTS： Totally 10 130 questionnaires were sent out, 9 959 of them were collected, and 9 869 were accurately and completely filled, the valid rate was 99.11%, including 5 520 for boys and 4 349 for girls, and the ratio of boy to girl was 1.27：1. 198 cases were screened to have birth defects, including 132 boys and 66 girls, and the ratio of boy to girl was 2：1, the total prevalence rate was 2.01%. ② The rate of birth defects was different in 0-7-year-old children from different regions of Yichang city, it was the highest in Xingshan region and the lowest in Xiling region. The rates of birth defects in the Xingshan, Yuanan and Zigui regions were obviously higher than the average level in Yichang city （P 〈 0.01）, those in Yiling and Zhijiang regions were also higher than the average level in Yichang city but insignificantly （P 〉 0.05）. ③ Of th

关 键 词：畸形 儿童 胎儿监测 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]