大气环流的季节突变与季风的建立II·个别年份南海夏季风的情况  

The Abrupt Seasonal Transitions in the Atmospheric General Circulation and the Onset of Monsoons Part II: The Onset of Summer Monsoon in South China Sea Region

作　　者：张铭[1] 张东凌[2] 左瑞亭[1] 何卷雄[2] 曾庆存[2] 

机构地区：[1]解放军理工大学气象学院大气环流与短期气候实验室,南京211101 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所国际气候与环境科学中心,北京100029

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2005年第3期303-314,共12页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目40233027资助

摘　　要：将流的标准化变差度概念应用到各年南海夏季风建立研究中去,并用其作为大气环流调整的客观定量指标。用该指标定义的南海夏季风建立的预兆日期与用传统天气气候学方法确定的南海夏季风的来临日期,在绝大多数具体年份两者均很接近,故可作南海夏季风建立的先兆指标。但有一些年份,南海季风的建立不伴随着低空环流的突变过程,两种方法都可能不准确,可靠的方法也许是用场相似度作指标。此外,南海夏季风建立前,对流层顶和平流层下层就出现了环流调整,该调整为南海夏季风建立打下基础,而南海夏季风爆发则表现为低空环流的大调整。南海夏季风的爆发是高、低空全球大气环流发生显著调整的结果,并非限于南海范围局部,南海夏季风建立不能看作是发生在南海的局部现象。We apply the concept and method developed in part Ⅰ of this paper to determine the presage day and the onset day of summer monsoon in South China Sea region for every particular year. For most year the presage day （determined by the calculation of normalized finite temporal variation） is very closed to the onset day （determined by the conventional synoptic-climatological method）. However, in some particular years the onset of summer monsoon in South China Sea region is not characterized by the abrupt change of low-level atmospheric circulation, the precise onset day might be erroneous determined by our and conventional methods both unless using the criteria of ＂similarity＂. Next, a common character is that the seasonal transition of atmospheric general circulation first occurs in stratosphere, then extends to troposphere, and after that the onset of summer monsoon take place in the lower level. The onset of monsoon is not a regional process but related to the whole 3-D atmosphere circulation.

关 键 词：南海夏季风 大气环流 变差度 季节突变 预兆日期 建立日期 

分 类 号：P434[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]