北京城区河湖水质分析  

Analysis of Water Quality on Urban Rivers and Lakes in Beijing

作　　者：杜桂森 [1] 吴玉梅  扬忠山  武佃卫  刘靖 [1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院北京,100037 [2]北京市水环境监测中心北京,100038

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2005年第4期373-377,共5页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：北京市重大科技项目资助(H01211001011903)

摘　　要：调研结果显示,2003年北京城区河湖(11个监测水体)总磷、总氮含量分别为0.142mg/L、1.481mg/L,已达到比较严重的富营养状态.北京城市河湖属于藻型水体,初级生产力主要决定于浮游藻类的群落结构与密度.河湖水体中浮游藻类密度为37867.82×104cells/L,其群落由蓝藻(Cyanophyta)、绿藻(Chlorophyta)、硅藻(Bcillariophyta)、甲藻(Pyrrophy-ta)、隐藻(Cryptophyta)、黄藻(Xanthophyta)、金藻(Chrysophyta)和裸藻(Eugleniphyta)构成.群落中蓝藻占绝对优势(89.54%).在近几年的夏秋季连续发生程度不同的微囊藻(microcystis)水华,对水体功能和城市景观造成了不良影响.主要原因是:(1)氮磷和有机物的污染,(2)给城市河湖补给的水量少,(3)河湖生态系统被损害,水体自净能力差.本文对如何改善北京城市河湖水质提出了建议.The research results indicate that total phosphorus and total nitrogen of urban rivers and lakes in Beijing had been attained separately 0. 142mg/L and 1. 481mg/L in 2003. The water bodies belonged to hyper-trophic type. The primary production was determined by community structure and cells density of phytoplankton. The urban rivers and lakes in Beijing were a water body of algal type. Phytoplankton cells density were 37867.82 × 10^4/L and the community were constructed by Cyanophyta, Chloriphyta, Bacillariophyta,Cryptophyta,Xanthophyta, Eugleniphyta, Pyrrophyta and Chrysophyta. 89.54% was blue-green algae in phytoplankton community. The water bloom of blue-green algae had taken place continuously in summer and autumn in recent years. Its influence was not good to function of water body and city view. The primary factor was ： （ 1 ） pollution of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic material; （2）water quantity to supply the rivers and lakes were short; and （3）the ecosystem of urban rivers and lakes were changed and self-cleaning capacity was reduced seriously. The proposal to improve water quality of urban rivers and lakes in Beijing were advanced in the paper.

关 键 词：北京 城区河湖 富营养 微囊藻水华 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU435[建筑科学—岩土工程]