帽儿山土壤动物在凋落叶分解过程中的动态和作用  

Dynamic Change of Soil Fauna and Its Function on Forest Litter Decomposition at Maoershan Forest Region

作　　者：林英华[1] 孙家宝[2] 郑桂华[3] 张夫道[1] 孙龙[2] 金森[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院,北京100081 [2]东北林业大学 [3]中国林业科学研究院

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2005年第6期33-36,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项资金项目(2000-177);黑龙江帽儿山森林生态定位站项目资助

摘　　要：2001年9月～2002年10月,采用凋落袋法对黑龙江帽儿山红松林纯林(Pinus skoraiensis)、落叶混交林(落叶松(Larix gmelinii):白桦(Betula Platyphylla)=2:1)和杂灌林(毛榛(Corylusmand shurica))森林凋落层土壤动物群落在凋落叶分解过程中的作用及动态进行了研究.在3种林型126只分解袋中,共采集到土壤动物15 915只,隶属3门10纲20目3亚目41科,其中大型土壤动物优势类群有摇蚊科(Chironomidae)、近孔寡毛目(Ol.plesiopora)、蜘蛛目(Araneae)和隐翅甲科(Staphylinidae),中小型土壤动物优势类群有鳞跳科(Tomoceridae)、棘跳科(Onychiuriclae)、甲螨亚目(Oribatida)、等节跳科(Isotomidae).土壤动物数量和类群数与凋落物的性质有关,且随凋落物分解变化趋势明显.3种凋落袋土壤动物数量和类群数总变化趋势均为5 mm>1 mm>1/300mm.大型土壤动物对凋落物分解的作用大于中小型土壤动物.蜘蛛目与杂灌林中凋落物分解量存在着显著的正相关.多样性分析表明,不同林型之间森林凋落物土壤动物群落异质性较高.Dynamic change of soil fauna community was investigated and the function of soil fauna on iorest litter decomposition was approached by litter bag method from Sept. 2001 to Oct. 2002 in Pinus koraiensis forests, mixed forests （ Larix gmelinil： Betula platyphylla = 2：1 ） and brush fields （Corylusmand shurica） at Maoershan, Heilongjiang Province. 15 915 individuals were collected from 126 litterbags, belonging to 3 phyla, 10 classes, 20 orders, 3 suborders and 41 families. The most dominant taxa of macrofauna are Chironomidae, O1. plesiopora, Araneae and Staphylinidae, and meso - and microfauna are Tomoceridae, Onychiuriclae, Oribatida, and Isotomidae. The individuals and communities of soil fauna were related to the property of forest litter, and their changing tendencies became obvious with litter decomposition. For three mesh sizes of litterbags, both soil fauna individual and community were in the following order： 5 mm 〉 1 mm 〉 1/300 mm. The function of macrofauna was more important than that of meso - and microfauna. A significantly positive correlation was found between Araneae and the mass loss of the litter in brushes （ r, = 0.910, P 〈 0.05 ）. The result of biodiversity analysis showed that soil fauna community for different forest types has obvious heterogeneity.

关 键 词：土壤动物 凋落物分解 作用 动态 帽儿山 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]