上海城市地貌形变与防汛墙地理工程透析  

A discussion on land deformation process and evolution of flood prevention wall in the urban area of central Shanghai

作　　者：戴雪荣[1] 李良杰[1] 俞立中[1] 师育新[1] 顾成军[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理系,上海200062

出　　处：《地理研究》2005年第6期911-918,i0002,共9页Geographical Research

基　　金：上海市科技发展基金资助项目(01ZG14016)

摘　　要：从城市地貌学角度分析了上海城市地貌形变的阶段性、致灾性,探讨了防汛墙与地貌形变的相互关系、工程特点及存在问题,提出了阶段性地貌形变对市区河流沉积控制的概念模式。同时认为,上海高强度人类活动对自然地理系统的最大影响莫过于自然地貌面相对于周边地区的阶段性沉降变形(即地貌形变),并由此造成其他自然地理要素的相应变化;地貌形变发生后很难修复并具有明显的致灾性,使地势本来低平的上海受到来自洪水的更大威胁;作为地貌形变后的防汛墙治理工程其设计标高在近期是有效的,但从长期看存在局限性。上海城市地貌环境问题只有从宏观和长远的城市规划层面上去认识才能从根本上得以缓解。From an interdisciplinary point of view of urban geomorphology, this paper discusses the land deformation process （LDP） of the urban area of central Shanghai, the controlling role to the sedimentation of river system, and relations to the flood prevention wall as well as the problems faced and countermeasures at present time. Conclusions can been drawn as follows： （1） The LDP has been characterized by obvious stages in relation to human activities during industrialization and urbanization since 1843. Five stages divided： （a） embryonic deformation stage from 1843- 1920 AD ; （b） relatively strong deformation stage from 1921 -1956 AD; （c） strong deformation stage from 1957-1965AD; （d） slow deformation stage from 1966-1989 AD; and （e） accelerate deformation stage from 1990 to the present. Each stage has different extents of land subsidence and ranges of depression. （2） The LDP here is considered as a catastrophic process. It has given rise to many negative environmental effects and even calamities. The most serious one of them is the threatening of flood to the city safety. The LDP has become a controller of the sedimentation of rivers and creeks within the area of depression. Here the authors put forward a conceptual model of land deformation controlling sedimentation. If land deformation develops continuously, it can be foreseen that the drown valley system at the estuary of the Yangtze River will advance toward land area of Shanghai, and the depression will enlarge toward the lowland （or marshland） in the west of Shanghai. Land deformation has caused a loss of 260 billion Yuan （RMB）. In fact, the ultimate economic loss is difficult to calculate as known as an irreversible process. （3） The flood prevention wall standing along banks of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, the fourth flood-defending line in Shanghai, has close relation to the land deformation. So it is considered as a passive countermeasure to the catastrophic urban geomorphic environment. Further s

关 键 词：城市地貌 城市安全 地貌形变 防汛墙 城市可持续发展 上海 

分 类 号：P931[天文地球—自然地理学]