哈茨木霉对几种植物病原真菌的拮抗作用及其抗药性测定  

In-lab Determination of Antagonism against Several Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Resistance to Fungicides of Trichoderma hanianum

作　　者：陈方新[1] 齐永霞[1] 戴庆怀[1] 黄远林[1] 张小飞[1] 罗亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学植保学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2005年第11期314-317,359,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：安徽省高等学校青年教师科研资助计划项目(2003jq119;2005jq1057)校青年基金项目(校科字[2002]3号)。

摘　　要：室内通过对峙培养法测定了在不同的温度处理下哈茨木霉TH-1对棉疫病菌PB-1、番茄枯萎病菌TF-5、棉花枯萎病菌WF-3、西瓜枯萎病菌SF-1和水稻恶苗病菌FF-2的拮抗作用。结果表明,不同的温度处理下．哈茨木霉对供试植物病原茵的抑制作用不一,其中,以30℃黑暗条件哈茨木霉对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,对峙培养72h后,木霉菌TH-1对PB-1、TF-5、WF-3、SF-1和FF-2的抑制率分别达到81．1％、74．1％、77．8％、65．7％和60％;25℃条件下次之;10℃、15℃和35℃条件下木霉菌菌丝扩散速度较慢,且孢子产生量少,不能有效地压制病原菌菌丝的扩展。表明环境温度过高或过低对木霉菌菌丝的生长及分生孢子的产生均有较大影响。试验还镜检了木霉菌与病原菌在培养基中菌丝间的相互作用．主要表现为营养及空间的竞争、菌丝间的缠绕以及抑茵物质的影响。同时,哈茨木霉TH-1对多菌灵、扑海因和甲霜灵的敏感性测定结果显示,TH-1对多茵灵极敏感,而对甲霜灵具有很强的抗性．表明该木霉菌可与甲霜灵混用降低化学药剂的使用量,延缓病菌抗药性的产生。The antagonism experiment by face-to-face-culturing on PDA media indicated that the mycelium inhibitory efficiencies of Trichoderma harzianum against PB-1, TF-5, WF-3, SF-1 and FF-2 were much related to the culturing temperature. Mycelium inhibitory efficiencies varied with the temperature of 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃. At 30℃, inhibitory efficiencies of T. harzianum against PB-1, TF-5, WF- 3, SF-1 and FF-2 reach 81.1%, 74.1%, 77.8%, 65.7% and 60%, respectively. The mycelium of TH-1 expanded very slow in 10℃ and 35℃, and it showed that no obvious control effects against the above pathogen at 10℃, 15℃ and 35℃. The results also showed that the inhibitory effect lied in the nutrition and space competition, hypha-twisting, and the inhibitory substance. It also displayed that TH-1 is most sensi- tive to carbendazin, but much resistant to metalaxyl. So it can be applied with metalaxyl together to reduce the quantity of metalaxyl in disease control.

关 键 词：哈茨木霉 对峙培养 拮抗 抗药性 

分 类 号：S436.413.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S816.17[农业科学—植物保护]