简易水处理活性炭的选择和应用方法  

Improved methods for selecting activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment

作　　者：应维琪[1] 常启刚[1] 张巍[1] 蒋文新[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2005年第6期430-435,439,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：华东理工大学科学基金资助项目(XD20B01403)

摘　　要：首先介绍活性炭性能测试与水处理活性炭选炭、吸附技术选择、工艺应用的关系,其次报导两个活性炭选用方面的改进方法。通过重新定义、整合、完善现有活性炭性能指标,建立了以酚值、碘值、亚甲基蓝、丹宁酸值为吸附性能指标的选炭方法。这四种指标化合物的分子量与直径覆盖了大多数有机污染物的范围,用此法可减少活性炭应用测试的炭型。在活性炭精选和吸附工艺应用研究中,用微型炭柱进行穿透实验可弥补缩小式传统型、小型炭柱的不足。相对于国外现用微型柱的实验方法,文中介绍的微型柱快速穿透(MCRB)方法的设备要求较低,操作简单,可以在国内大多数实验室中进行;通过对多种污染物质的实验结果,建立了MCRB方法的可信性和适用性。这两种新方法完善了活性炭水处理研究的实验体系,可降低其应用于水与污水处理的成本,有利于中国的环境保护。An improved method was developed to rank the effectiveness of activated carbon in removing organic water pollutants. The simple and standardized evaluation method employs a set of four adsorptive capacity indicators：phenol,iodine, methylene blue and tannic acid numbers;those four indicator compounds were selected because they cover the key portion of molecular size range （5-30 angstrom in diameter） of most organic water pollutants. Using this method will result in a much smaller number of candidate carbons to be evaluated in an adsorption treatment study. An improved method was also developed for conducting adsorption column breakthrough experiments to verify the carbon selection and to estimate the percent of capacity that may be utilized in a full size carbon adsorber. Relative to the existing methods using micro column for conducting breakthrough experiments to overcome the problems often encountered with using down sized traditional and mini columns, our micro column rapid breakthrough （MCRB） test method is advantageous because of its simple procedure employing lower cost, readily available pump and sampler. Our MCRB method was validated by experimental breakthrough data for several organic water pollutants. These improved methods will enable more efficient studies to compare carbon adsorption to other technologies for water and wastewater treatment applications.

关 键 词：选炭 吸附容量 指标化合物 容量利用率 微型柱 快速穿透 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TN405.2[电子电信—微电子学与固体电子学]