遗传单一性、品种单一性与中国玉米生产  

Genetic uniformity,variety uniformity,and them effects on China's maize production.

作　　者：李海明[1] 张世煌[2] 胡瑞法[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所农业政策研究中心 [2]中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2005年第6期677-682,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家杰出青年基金项目(70325003)

摘　　要：物遗传物质复杂性的降低减弱了品种抗逆的能力,降低了作物产量.亲本系数是常用描述遗传多样性的指标,但用亲本系数衡量遗传多样性与作物生产之间的关系时往往得到不同的结论.本文分别计算了全国20个省1982～1997年玉米生产的3个遗传多样性指标:遗传单一性、加权亲本系数和品种单一性的变化,并采用生产函数模型研究了遗传多样性对我国玉米生产的影响.结果表明,遗传单一性与我国玉米单产之间呈显著的负相关关系;品种单一性不一定会导致遗传单一性的增加.鉴于此,政府应增加拓宽种质资源的研究投资,以增加玉米品种的遗传多样性.Lack of diversity within a single crop species potentially limits the ability of species to respond to unknown or evolving pests, pathogens and environmental conditions, thus reduce the crop outputs. The coefficient of parentage （COP） is major indiex that is commonly adopted in agronomy and economy as a measure of genetic diversity. But different researches have obtained different results of correlation between genetic diversity and crop yield as indicated by COP. On this paper genetic uniformity, weighted coefficient of parentage, and variety uniformity of maize production in 20 provinces in China from 1982 to 1997 were calculated, and the effects of genetic diversity on maize production were studied using Production Function Model. Conclusions drawn by this study indicate that there is a significant negative correlation between genetic uniformity and maize yield; variety uniformity does not lead to genetic uniformity. Therefore, the government should make considerable investment in project of germplasm research in order to increase genetic diversity of maize in China.

关 键 词：玉米 单产 遗传物质 品种 单一性 

分 类 号：S322.1[农业科学—作物遗传育种]