铜陵矿山酸性排水及固体废弃物中的重金属元素  

Acid mine drainage and heavy metal elements of solid waste in Tongling mines

作　　者：徐晓春[1] 陈芳[1] 王军[1] 谢巧勤[1] 陆三明[1] 吴文涛[1] 陈天虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《岩石矿物学杂志》2005年第6期591-597,共7页Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40472052)

摘　　要：在调查中国铜陵凤凰山铜矿和新桥硫铁矿两种不同类型矿山固体废弃物特征的基础上,研究了矿山尾矿和废石产生酸性排水的可能性及其差异以及矿山固体废弃物中重金属元素的赋存形式。结果表明,凤凰山铜矿的尾矿基本不产生矿山酸性排水,而新桥硫铁矿采矿废石产生矿山酸性排水,并且凤凰山铜矿的尾矿和新桥硫铁矿采矿废石中重金属元素的赋存形式也有差异,前者重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg主要赋存于硅酸盐态中,而后者在还原态中有较高的含量,这反映了在地表条件下尾矿中大量重金属元素已经发生了迁移,而采矿废石已经开始氧化,且酸性排水的存在更有利于废石中重金属元素的迁移和扩散,进而导致矿区周围环境的污染。On the basis of investigating characteristics of solid wastes in two different kinds of mines, i.e., the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, the possibility of acid drainage of the mine railings and the waste rocks and the differ- ence in acid drainage between these two sorts of materials are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The results indicate that the Fenghuangshan copper mine on the whole does not produce AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine produces such materials. What is more, the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the tailings of the Fenghuangshan copper mine are different from those in the mining waste rocks of the Xinqiao pyrite mine. In the former, the toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg mostly exist in the slag phase, while in the latter, the deoxidization state has much higher content, which suggests that large amounts of heavy metals have migrated in the tailings, and minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the surface. The existence of AMD is beneficial to the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks, and hence leads to the environment pollution of the surrounding areas.

关 键 词：矿山酸性排水 固体废弃物 重金属污染 中国铜陵 

分 类 号：P579[天文地球—矿物学] P618.31[天文地球—地质学]