台阶指数在学生体质健康监测中的作用  

Step-test on surveillance of students’ physical fitness and health

作　　者：季成叶[1] 马军[1] 张冰[1] 赵德才[1] 胡佩瑾[1] 星一[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,100083

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2005年第6期376-379,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析台阶指数在学生体质健康监测中的作用。方法对参与2004年全国学生体质监测的12、14、17岁男女生36237人进行台阶试验,并采用运动时间、恢复期心率计算台阶指数,通过分析不同群体台阶指数的变化特点,比较超重、肥胖和正常体重者的台阶指数水平。结果台阶指数均值和群体的体格发育水平呈相反趋势,乡村学生显著高于城市学生,南方学生略高于北方学生;中下经济水平的乡村学生群体水平最高,而省会城市学生的群体水平最低,原因主要为高经济水平群体的生活方式改变,缺乏锻炼,身体负重量大等因素有关。不同营养状况群体的台阶指数呈肥胖者<超重者<正常体重者依次下降,组间差异有统计学意义,提示肥胖和超重对心血管功能的有害影响。结论台阶试验简便易行、安全,应成为今后学生体质健康监测的常规指标。Objective To analyze the role of step-test on large sample surveillance in students＇ physical fitness and health. Methods Totally, 36 237 students aged 12-, 14- and 17- year-old from fifteen Chinese provinces taking part in the 2004th National Surveillance on Students＇ Physical Fitness and Health were enrolled in this study. All of them passed through the step-test, of which the indices were calculated in combining with the performance time and pulse rates in resuming period. The means of step-test index were analyzed among various youth groups, and compared with the obesity, overweight and the normal-weight subjects. Results As compared with the general level of physical growth, the means of step-test index were found higher in rural groups than in urban ones, and higher in southern groups than in northern ones. The highest means of index was found in the rural groups in having the lowest socioeconomic status, and also the lowest means found in metropolis groups having the highest socioeconomic status. These gaps were due to the change of life style, absence of physical exercise and relatively to the high body weight of the high socioeconomic-level groups. Among the obesity, overweight and normal-weight youths, the means of step-test index was shown in a gradient decrease tendency, and those significant gaps might be found between the obesity and the overweight, and the overweight and the normal-weight groups, showing that there should be harmful influences of overweight and obesity on the youth＇ s cardiovascular function. Conclusion As a safe and easily-taken measure for cardiovascular function, the step-test should be useful in regularly measuring the national students＇ physical fitness and health status.

关 键 词：运动试验 学生 心脏功能试验 肥胖症 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]