试论宋代的史学政策及其实质  

A Preliminary Approach to the Song Dynasty's Policy on Historiography and Its Nature

作　　者：王盛恩[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学社会发展学院,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2005年第6期62-69,共8页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：史学政策是指统治阶级对历史研究的总策略、总目的和总要求,是统治阶级思想意志在史学方面的具体体现。隋唐禁止私修国史政策的确立,从法律上划定了史学活动的禁区。宋代则在继承隋唐史学政策的同时,从根本上规定了史学活动必须坚持以儒家伦理道德来评价历史,必须服务于现实政治的史学方向,突出地表现出政策制度的专制垄断化和明显的政治功利主义色彩。其实质上就是把史书的著述和史学的研究纳入到封建专制统治的轨道,使史学成为维护政权和巩固统治的工具。因而,它虽然促进了史学的一时“繁荣”,但却严重影响了史学文化的品格。In ancient China, the riding class＇ will and aspirations was reflected in historiography, since they determined the strategy, purpose and demands of historical studies. In the sui and Tang dynasties, private records of state history was prohibited, thus in law the sphere of historical research was limited. The Song dynasty continued practicing this policy, and furthermore determined Confucius morality as the guiding line for history works, demanded history-writing serving for political reality. The nature of this kind of historiography policy is reflected in its absolute monopoly and obvious functionism in the ruling class＇ hands. They wanted to incorporated history into their ruling course and served as an instrument of maintaining and consolidating their regimes, This policy promoted temporary “prosperity”, but hindered healthy growth of historical character.

关 键 词：史学政策 官修国史 史学活动 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]