水稻抗旱性鉴定的形态指标  

Morphological indexes of drought resistance identification in rice

作　　者：程建峰[1] 潘晓云[2] 刘宜柏[2] 戴廷波[1] 曹卫星[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045 [2]南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第11期3117-3125,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：江西省"九.五"科技攻关资助项目;江西省"十.五"科技攻关资助项目;江西省自然科学基金资助项目(973063)~~

摘　　要：随着全球水资源的日益匮乏和旱灾的日趋严重,水资源短缺正成为制约我国农业发展的重要因素.培育抗旱栽培稻品种并实现水稻旱种,不但可较大程度地节约水资源,且有利于稳产增产、节约能源和减少环境污染,故栽培稻抗旱性研究作为稻作科学研究的重要课题显得愈来愈重要.水稻抗旱性机制较为复杂,国内外学者提出了一系列与抗旱性有关的形态、发育、生理与生化等的鉴定方法与指标,且有的已利用分子标记对一些指标进行了基因定位;但因大多数指标与产量的关系尚不甚清楚,致使有些指标在抗旱性研究中的应用价值受到质疑.本研究以旱作和淹水试验为处理,采用模糊隶属函数分析,以穗颈节粗为指标进行水稻抗旱性的单因子间接评定和以穗颈节粗、单本株有效穗、实粒数/穗、谷粒宽或结实率为指标进行水稻抗旱性的综合间接评定.以认同的采用产量抗旱系数(旱作下产量与淹水下产量之比)为鉴定指标的直接评定为依据,对上述两种间接评定的结果进行判别分析,从而验证试验中被采用指标和方法的准确性和可靠性.结果表明,以旱作穗颈节粗为指标的水稻抗旱性单一间接评定与以产量抗旱系数为指标的水稻抗旱性直接评定的吻合度为88.2%～100.0%,达极显著水平,即穗颈节粗可作为水稻抗旱性鉴定与评价的单一间接评定指标;且吻合度随品种类型而变,其中以籼型杂交稻的评定为最高(100.0%),其次是常规籼稻(91.7%),常规粳稻稍低(88.2%).以旱作多个抗旱性状为指标的综合间接评定与以产量抗旱系数为指标的水稻抗旱性直接评定的吻合度均达100%,即穗颈节粗、单本株有效穗、实粒数/穗、谷粒宽和结实率可作为水稻抗旱性鉴定与评价的综合间接评定指标,且与品种类型无关.因此,旱作条件下,以穗颈节粗为指标的水稻抗旱性单一间接评定和以穗颈节粗、单Along with the increasing scarcity of global water resource and gradual seriousness of drought, water shortage is crucial for restricting agricultural development in China. Breeding rice cultivars with drought resistance and cultivating them in the dryland are helpful not only to save water resource and to steady yield, but also to increase yield,to save energy and to decrease environmental pollution. So studies on drought resistance in rice have become increasingly important proposals of rice scientific researches. For more complex mechanism of drought resistance in rice, a series of morphological, developmental, physiological and biochemical identification methods and indexes related to drought resistance, in rice were proposed by international scholars and some indexes were located in genes with molecular marker, but the application values of most indexes were doubted because of the indistinct relationships between them and yield. Thirty-eight indica, Japonica and hybrid rice cultivars were planted in the dryland and paddy field in this experiment and their drought-related traits including panicle neck diameter, effective panicles per plant, filled grains per panicle, grain width and seed setting rate were measured. Using panicle neck diameter in the dryland as an index for single indirect evaluation and using the above-measured traits under in the dryland as the indexes for comprehensive indirect evaluation, drought resistance in different rice cultivars were evaluated with fuzzy Subordinate function analysis. In order to prove the reliability and accuracy of identification methods and indexes in the experiment, discriminant analyses on the above-mentioned two indirect evaluations to the accepted direct evaluations on drought resistance in rice according to drought resistance coefficient of yield the ratio of yield in the dryland to yield in the paddy field）were conducted. The results showed that the consistency of single indirect evaluation and direct evaluation on drought resistance in rice was 88.2%- 100

关 键 词：水稻 形态指标 抗旱性鉴定 穗颈节粗 模糊隶属函数分析 判别分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]