大学新生人格特征2988份问卷调查  

Personality of freshmen surveyed by 2 988 questionnaires

作　　者：刘衔华[1] 刘克善[1] 谭剑虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]衡阳师范学院教育科学系,湖南省衡阳市421008

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第44期46-48,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的:调查大学新生的人格特征,为培养大学生健全的人格提供依据。方法:运用卡特尔16PF人格测验对衡阳师范学院大学2004级3089名新生(男生1211名,女生1878名)采用卡特尔16PF人格因素测验问卷进行团体施测。所有数据输入电脑后用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析;群体差异比较用t检验。结果:共发放问卷3089份,回收有效答卷2988份,有效率为96.73%;男生1172份,女生1816份;文科1851名,理科1137名。①男生有14项人格特质(乐群性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、敢为性、敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、试验性、独立性、自律性、紧张性)与全国大学男生常模有显著差异;女生有15项人格特质(乐群性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、试验性、独立性、自律性、紧张性)与全国大学女生常模有显著差异。②有14项人格特质(乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、敢为性、敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、试验性、独立性、紧张性)、3项次元人格(内向与外向、感情与机警、怯懦与果断)和1项应用人格因子(创造能力)存在显著的性别差异。③有11项人格特质(乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、敏感性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、试验性、独立性)、3项次元人格(内向与外向、感情与机警、怯懦与果断)有显著的学科差异。结论:新生在智力上和国内大学生智力平均水平相当,但具有和一般大学生明显不同的人格特征;男女新生在人格上的相似性少,差异性多;文理科新生具有一些共同的人格特征,更多地表现出人格的差异性,但这种差异尚未导致文理科新生在心理健康、专业有成就、创造能力、成长能力上有明显差别。AIM： To investigate freshmen＇s personality, so as to provide a basis for the formation of their wholesome personality. METHODS： Totally 3 089 freshmen （1211 males and 1 878 females） of Hengyang Normal University in 2004 were selected to participate in the group-test by Cattell＇s 16 Factor Key （16 P10. All the data Were input into computer and statistically analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software, the differences between two groups were compared with the t test. RESULTS： Totally 3 089 questionnaires were sent out, and 2988 ones were collected back, the effective rate was 96.73%, including 1 172 questionnaires from males and 1 816 from females, 1 851 from students majored in liberal arts and 1 137 from students majored in science. ①Fourteen personality factors of warmth, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism and tension in male students were significantly different from those of national norms for male university students. Fifteen personality factors of warmth, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism and tension in female students were significantly different from those of national norms for female university students. ②There were marked differences between male and female university students in 14 personality factors （warmth, intellect, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, selfreliance and tension）, 3 secondary personality factors （introversion and extraversion, affection and alertness, coward and decision） and 1 application personality （creativity）. ③There were significant subject differences in 11 personality factors （warmth, intellect, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, sensitivit

关 键 词：大学 学生 人格 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]