湖南省贯彻《职业病防治法》控制职业病危害近期效果及其影响因素的研究  

Study on Occupational Hazard Control's Recent Effects and Its Influencing Factors After Application of Law on the Prevention and Cure of Occupational Diseases in Hunan Province

作　　者：杭一平[1] 熊敏如[1] 陈小春[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院,湖南长沙410078 [2]湖南省卫生厅

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2005年第6期1301-1303,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨影响<职业病防治法>控制职业病危害近期效果的因素;为制定职业病防治工作规划提供参考.方法采用自制的调查表,以省卫生厅厅文形式向全省各市州卫生部门发送.所有调查数据用SPSS11.5进行统计分析.结果各行业干部职工职防法知晓率达72.9%～80.4%,但对职防法相关内容的知晓率仅35%左右;近50%知晓途径为媒体;职防法实施后,各行业职业性有害因素的监测率、合格率、职业健康受检率均有提高趋势,而疑似职业病检出率、急性中毒事故发生数等有下降趋势,但总体上较职防法实施前无显著差异;影响职防法贯彻实施及控制职业病危害近期效果的主要因素为职防法及相关内容知晓率,企业规模以及企业经济类型等.结论湖南省11个行业272家用人单位职防法知晓率较高,但对职防法及其相关内容的知晓率低;职业病防治管理制度及防护措施的实施状况较职防法实施前虽有改善,但变化辐度不大.职业病控制近期效果有随职防法的深入贯彻逐年提高的趋势.Objective To discuss the influencing factors on occupational hazard factors control, to provide a reference data for the prevention and cure of occupational diseases. Methods Self-made questionnaires as an official documentof the Health Department of Hunan Province were mailed to 14 municipalities （autonomous prefectures） in whole province in letter. All data derived from the questionnaire were processed using the SPSS software package （version 11.5） for univariant analysis and multivariant analysis. Results （1） The persons of the industries knowing the presence of the Act were 72.9 % -80.4%, but only 35% actually understood it; 50% of them announced the information from media, not from the enterprises. The regulations and measures, to prevent and control the occupational disease, were adopted by many enterprises than before. （2）Since the application of the Act, the monitoring rate,yield and occupational physical examination rate were increased than before, and there were less occupational disease and acute poisoning cases occurred than before. But no statistically difference was evident. （3） The factors influencing the recent short-term effects on the occupational hazard control, were the acknowledgement rate of the Act and related content, the enterprise scale, and the kind of enterprise. Conclusion （1） In the 272 enterprises of 11 industries in Hunan Province, the acknowledgement rate of the Act is high, but the understanding rate is low. The regulations and measures in prevent and cure the occupational disease, are improved; but the amplitude of improvement are small. （2） After the application of the Act, the occupational hazard control＇s recent effect is obvious, but it is heterogeneous among the different industries.

关 键 词：职业病防治法 职业病危害 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]