含氧生物质燃料的生命周期评价  

Life Cycle Assessment on Oxygen Biofuels

作　　者：易红宏[1] 朱永青[1] 王建昕[2] 郝吉明[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]清华大学汽车工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学》2005年第6期28-32,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：清华大学基础研究基金重点项目(200208003)

摘　　要：为公正评价汽车代用燃料的能耗与环境效益,运用生命周期评价方法,研究了在燃料中分别添加不同比例的乙醇和甲酯2种生物质,带来的生命周期能耗和污染物排放变化,并对含氧生物质燃料的未来情景进行了预测分析.结果表明:乙醇代用燃料未降低化石燃料消耗,甲酯代用燃料可降低约20%的化石燃料消耗;几种配比的代用燃料均可降低石油消耗,甲酯代用燃料降低的趋势更加明显;各种代用燃料的温室气体排放都比较严重;乙醇代用燃料增加了NOx排放,而甲酯代用燃料可降低约50%的NOx排放;乙醇和甲酯的加入均能降低车用阶段的PM10排放;燃料生产阶段的SO2排放在整个生命周期中约占80%,必须严格控制;甲酯代用燃料可降低VOC排放.Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） was used to compare energy consumption and pollutant emissions of two oxygen biofuels, ethanol and methyl ester, which were mixed with gasoline and diesel oil at levels of 10% and 30% of the biofuel. The future of oxygen-containing biofuels was analyzed and forecasted. The results show that the mixture of biofuels and petroleum products can reduce crude oil consumption, but only methyl ester alternative fuel can reduce fossil fuel consumption. Use of methyl ester mixtures would reduce NOx by 50% compared to gasoline or diesel on a life cycle basis; however, NOx would increase using ethanol. Each alternative fuel mixture reduced PM10 emissions from the vehicle and methyl ester decreased VOCs. The SO2 emissions from the fuel production processes, which account for about 80 % of SO2 life cycle emissions, must be strictly controlled.

关 键 词：生物质燃料 代用燃料 生命周期评价 

分 类 号：X382.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]