刺参呼吸树的超微结构观察与研究  

Ultrastructural observation and study on the respiratory trees of Apostichopus japonicus

作　　者：刘晓云[1] 包振民[2] 范瑞青[1] 谭金山[3] 高澜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [3]青岛大学医学院,山东青岛266021

出　　处：《海洋科学》2005年第12期25-30,共6页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999012009);山东省高校实验技术立项

摘　　要：用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察研究健康刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)呼吸树的形态结构,并观察研究濒死刺参呼吸树的异常,结果显示:刺参呼吸树由外向内依次为体腔上皮、肌层、血腔、内皮细胞和中央腔。体腔上皮细胞游离面有长而不规则的微绒毛,细胞上部吞饮小泡丰富,细胞中常见吞噬体。内皮细胞表面有各种形状的细胞突起,细胞顶浆分泌活跃,细胞内质膜小泡丰富。体腔上皮细胞和内皮细胞中丰富的吞饮小泡和质膜小泡提示这两种细胞具有吸收功能。体腔上皮和内皮下连续成层的基膜围成呼吸树中封闭的血腔。内皮层与内皮基膜构成呼吸树的呼吸膜,由泄殖腔进入呼吸树中央腔的海水和呼吸树血腔中的血液经此气-血屏障进行气体交换,完成呼吸作用。体腔上皮与上皮下基膜构成体腔液-血液屏障,刺参的体腔液与呼吸树血腔中的血液经此屏障进行物质交换。呼吸树还在渗透压调节和代谢产物排泄中起作用。在濒死刺参的呼吸树中,纤毛虫大量积聚在中央腔中并附着在内皮层上,导致呼吸作用不能正常进行,这可能是当养殖水体恶化时造成刺参患病并死亡的重要原因之一。The structure of respiratory trees of normal and amort Apostichopus japonicus was observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the respiratory trees were composed of coelothelium, muscular coat, haemocoel, endothelial cell and cen- ter antrum through outer to inner. There were long and irregular microvilli on the free side of coelothelial cell. Abundant endocytic vesicles existed in the upper part of the cell and phagosome was often observed in the cell. There were various shapes of cell protuberance on the surface of endothelial cell. The activity of apocrine secretion was high and there were lots of plasmalemmals in the endothelial cell. The abundant endocytic vesicles and plasmalemmals in coelothelial cell and endothelial cell respectively revealed that these two kinds of cells had the ability of absorption. The obturated haemocoel was enclosed by the continuous and stratified basement membrane under the coelothelium and endothelial. The breathing film was made up of endothelial and endothelial basement membrane. The seawater in respiratory trees through cloaca into center antrum and blood in haemocoel accomplished respiration via this gas blood barrier. The coelomic fluid of A. japonicus and blood in haemocoel of respiratory trees completed metabolism via coelomic fluid-blood barrier which was composed of coelothelium and basement membrane under it. The respiratory trees also played an important role in the regula- tion of osmolarity and excretion of metabolized production. Lots of ciliates congregating in the center antrum keep close to the endothelial in the respiratory trees of amort A. japonicus. The absorbance disturbed the normal respiration, which might be one of the most important reasons for the illness and death of A. japonicus when the culture water deteriorated.

关 键 词：刺参(Apostichopus japonicus) 呼吸树 体腔上皮 内皮 呼吸膜 

分 类 号：Q47[生物学—生理学]