长江流域两栖动物物种多样性的大尺度格局  

A Large-Scale Pattern in Species Diversity of Amphibians in the Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：于晓东[1] 罗天宏[1] 伍玉明[1] 周红章[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2005年第6期565-579,共15页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000046800);中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目(KSCX3-IOZ-01);国家基础科学人才培养基金(NSFC-J0030092)

摘　　要：根据两栖动物分布依赖于水系的特点,依据主要水系将长江流域分为18个区域,共记录了两栖动物145种,隶属于2目10科30属,特有种和受威胁物种分别有49和69种。除了海拔最高的江源区和金沙江中上游流域外,两栖动物种类以及受威胁物种种类,从上游到下游逐渐降低,特有种比例同样从上游到下游随海拔降低逐渐降低;分析G-F多样性指数发现,G指数的分布与物种数分布规律相似,F指数与G-F指数相似,除了江源区、汉江和赣江较低外,其他区域内比较均匀。利用Jaccard物种相似性系数对流域内18个区域进行聚类分析,发现整个流域分成6部分江源区,横断山区,云贵高原,川西高原东缘、四川盆地和秦巴山区,洞庭湖水系、鄱阳湖流域和下游流域,以及赣江流域,基本反映了长江流域内自然地理环境及我国大陆地势三级台阶变化的特点。Since the distribution patterns of amphibians are largely determined by the existence of water, we divided the Yangtze River Basin into 18 sub-basins according to the main tributaries. Based on the sub-basins, we synthesized information on amphibian biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin. We documented 145 species that had been recorded and described from the basin. There are 2 orders, 10 families and 30 genera. Of these, 49 and 69 species are endemic and threatened, respectively. Except two sub-basins at the highest elevation in the basin, the headwater, and the upper and middle of Jinshajiang sub-basin, the other 16 sub-basins show a decreasing tendency in species richness and threatened species richness from the headwater to the estuary. Moreover, the proportion of endemic species decreased gradually from the headwater to the estuary of the basin with a gradient of the elevation. By calculating the G-F diversity index of the 18 sub-basins, the G index was found to reflect the species richness, and F index and G-F index showed similar values a- mong the sub-basins except for three sub-basins of the headwater, Hanjiang and Ganjiang. Based on the species distribution （Jaccard similarity）, cluster analysis was used to analyze the similarity of amphibians in 18 sub-basins. The subbasins were clustered into six groups： （1） the headwater, （2） Hengduanshan Ranges, （3） Yun-Gui Plateau, （4） Eastern West Sichuan Plateau, Sichuan Basin, and Qinling-Dabashan Mountains, （5） Dongting Lake and its tributaries, Poyang Lake and lower reaches of the basin, and （6） Ganjiang sub-basin. The grouping result reflects to the environmental characteristics of the total basin and three large topographic platforms of the Chinese mainland.

关 键 词：两栖动物 物种多样性 大尺度格局 长江流域 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]