深圳市河流沉积物重金属污染特征及评价  

Pollution characteristics and assessment of heavy metals in river sediments in Shenzhen City

作　　者：黄奕龙[1] 王仰麟[1] 岳隽[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院数字城市与景观生态研究中心

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2005年第9期711-715,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.40071041);深圳市自然资源调查资助项目。

摘　　要：分析了深圳市的深圳河、布吉河、龙岗河和茅洲河等4条河流沉积物中重金属的含量和富集状况,并对重金属污染的潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明(1)1996—2003年,深圳河、布吉河、龙岗河和茅洲河沉积物中重金属的含量都有上升的趋势;布吉河和龙岗河沉积物中的重金属含量较高,特别是Cu、Zn和Cr的含量比其他两条河流高出较多,深圳河居中,茅洲河较小;这4条河流都以Cd、Cu、Cr和Zn的富集为主。(2)在研究时段内,这4条河流沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害指数(RI)都有上升的趋势;其中深圳河、布吉河和龙岗河的RI在多数年份都达到强或很强的程度,Cd、Hg、Cu为主要贡献元素;4条河流中,茅洲河受重金属污染最小,其RI为轻微或中等,只有Cd和Hg的生态危害系数为中等或强。针对深圳市河流沉积物中重金属的累积机理,建议通过改善区域水文条件、控制污染物的排放等措施加以控制和治理。The objectives of this paper were to analyze the contents and enrichments of heavy metals in river sediments and then assess their potential ecological dangers. The results exhibited that the heavy metals contents were increased in river sediments in Shenzhen River, Bujie River, Longgang River and Maozhou River from 1996 to 2003. The heavy metals contents in Bujie River and Longgang River were the highest among the four rivers, especially for the contents of Cu, Zn and Cr; and Shenzhen River was the middle, Maozhou River was the lowest. The enrichment index of Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn was higher than the other heavy metals for the four rivers. The potential ecological danger index of river sediments for heavy pollution was increased for the four rivers during the study period. The heavy metals pollution of Shenzhen River, Bujie River and Longgang River was very severe. Its potential ecological danger coefficient of Cd, Hg and Cu was very high. Maozhou River was the lowest in heavy metal pollution among the four rivers. Its potential ecological danger index and coefficient all was very low. The results of this study suggest that improving the hydrological condition, decreasing the direct discharge of industrial wastewater and sewage would be useful for the reduction of heavy metals pollution.

关 键 词：深圳市 河流沉积物 重金属污染 生态危害 区域水文条件 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]