造型作业体力负荷接触评估  

Assessment on the features of physical load in moulding workers

作　　者：雷玲[1] 肖国兵[2] 徐建国[3] 吴玉霞[1] 葛林娜[1] 梁友信[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生教研室,上海200032 [2]宁波市疾病预防控制中心,浙江宁波315000 [3]慈溪市疾病预防控制中心,浙江慈溪315300

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2005年第6期321-323,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：国家自然基金资助(项目批准号:30471438);美国利宝-复旦互助职业安全研究中心资助

摘　　要：目的以姿势观察和表面肌电分析相结合,分析造型作业体力负荷暴露特征。方法以OWAS方法观察造型作业姿势5 074人次,并分析5个造型作业周期4对躯干肌的表面肌电信号的周期间变异性、躯干肌活动协调性、双侧对称性和典型动作肌电活动。结果姿势观察表明背部非正中姿势占87.7%,其中14.7%为扭腰姿势;13.2%的时间承受10 kg以上的负荷;手工作业成分如铲、压、搬、推拉和放物合计55.2%。不同造型周期间平均肌电活动变异性很小,而双侧不对称性(约60%)很高;相对其他躯干肌,竖脊肌肌电活动最高,平均超过20%MVC,某些动作时高达50%MVC。结论躯干肌活动不协调、竖脊肌过劳和不对称用力是造型作业躯干肌活动的主要特征,造型作业工作腰背痛高发与其有关。Objective To analyze the physical load characteristics of moulding workers by combining posture observation and surface electromyography （sEMG）. Method Using Ovako working posture analysis system （OWAS）, 5 074 persons/times working postures in moulding workers were observed, meanwhile, the surface myoelectric potentials of 4 pairs of trunk muscles such as the variability, concordance, symmetry and some typical myoelectric activities during 5 different working postures were also analyzed by sEMG. Result The observation on working postures showed that nearly 87.7% were un-upright, 14.7% were hip-twisting postures among them; 13.2% of the working time received 10 kg or more loads; and 55.2% of working postures were produced by manual work including shoveling, pressing, lifting, pushing and pulling etc. The sEMG showed quite small variabilities and higher asymmetries （60%） ; compared with other trunk muscles, the myoelectric activities of erector spinal muscles were the highest one with an average potential that might be over 20% MVC and even reached 50% MVC during some typical motions. Conclusion It may be concluded as that the poor coordination of trunk muscles, overstrain of erector spinal muscles and asyrmnetrical exertion are the main characteristics of moulding workers, which may be related to the high prevalence of low back pain in these workers.

关 键 词：造型作业 表面肌电 劳动姿势与负何分析系统 体力负荷评估 

分 类 号：R598[医药卫生—内科学]