几类异质1B／1R小麦雄性不育系育性稳定性与育性恢复性的研究  

Studies on Fertility Stability and Restoration Performance of Some Male Sterile Lines of Alloplasmic 1B/1R Wheat

作　　者：张改生[1,2,3] 赵惠燕[1,2,3] 吴兆苏 俞世蓉[1,2,3] 陈新宏 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学 [2]南京农业大学 [3]西北植物研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1996年第5期41-50,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技攻关;高校博士点基金

摘　　要：系统考察了偏、粘、易和二角４种异质１Ｂ／１Ｒ小麦雄性不育类型的育性稳定性和育性恢复性，测定了它们杂种Ｆ１中雌雄可育（１Ｂ）与不育（１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ）配子的传递率。结果表明：（１）其不育性可分为完全不育；转育过程中从低到高世代育性一直分离；低世代不育，高世代育性分离至全育３种类型。欲使不育性既稳定又易恢复，应注意选择仅含主效不育基因（或不带有任何修饰基因的１ＲＳ片段）的不育核型是一关键。（２）４种异质全不育系和它们的恢复系，各自核内的育性基因系列组成在不同品种（系）中分布不同，这与其恢复性直接相关。全不育系核内是以单对主效不育基因〔（或是１ＲＳ片段）Ａ１〕和单对主效不育基因＋抑制基因（Ａ２）两种形式存在。恢复系核内则有４种形式：即主效恢复基因＋微效可育基因（Ｃ１）；主效恢复其因（Ｃ２）；主效恢复基因＋抑制基因（Ｃ３）；仅含微效可育基因（Ｃ４）。它们彼此结合后可构成８种育性表现，其中，仅３种育性基因组合方式（Ａ１×Ｃ１、Ａ１×Ｃ２和Ａ２×Ｃ１）恢复度最高，而且较稳定。而其余５种组配形式都易受环境条件的影响，有着较大的恢复度变异。（３）杂种Ｆ１中的１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ不育配子雌雄传递率明显不同，在雄配子中极低，甚至部分组?The fertility stability and restoration performance of 4 male sterile types of alloplasmic 1B/1R wheat with Ae.ventricosa, Ae.kotschyi, Ae.variabilis and Ae.bicornis cytoplasms were systematically investigated and the transmission rates of the fertile (1B) and sterile (1BL/1RS) gametes of the male and female in their F 1 hybrids were determined. The results are as follows: (1) Their sterility may be divided into 3 types, namely completely sterile, continuous fertility segregation from lower to higher generation in repeated substitution backrosses and sterile in lower generation but fertility segregation to completely fertile in higher generation. In order to make the sterility stable and restored easily, the sterile nucleus types only containing major sterile gene or 1RS fragment without any modifying gene must be selected.(2) Their performance of fertility restoration was related to the distribution difference of the series components of the fertility gene in individual nucleus of 4 alloplasmic sterile lines and their restorer lines in different wheat varieties or lines. There are two forms in nucleus of sterile lines, namely the major sterile gene (or 1RS fragment) A 1 and both the major sterile gene and the inhibiting gene (A 2). In nucleus of restorer line, the fertility is conditioned by 4 forms: there are both the major restorer gene and the minor gene enhancing the fertility (C 1); there only exists the major restorer gene (C 2); besides the major restorer gene, there also exists the inhibiting gene (C 3); and there only exists the minor gene enhancing the fertility (C 4). The 8 fertility phenotypes were performed by the crosses between different sterile lines and different restorer lines. The restoring degrees were the highest and stable only in 3 fertility combination forms (A 1×C 1, A 1×C 2, and A 2×C 1) among all fertility phenotypes. The other 5 combination forms were easily influenced by the enviroment and there was a greater variation in the restoring degree. (3) The transmission

关 键 词：小麦 易位系 雄性不育 育性稳定性 育性恢复性 

分 类 号：S512.03[农业科学—作物学]