广州地区儿童急性呼吸道感染鼻咽部常见病原菌及其耐药性分析  

Study on Nasopharyngeal Common Pathogenic Bacteria and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Guangzhou

作　　者：李梅爱[1] 邓秋连[1] 谢永强[1] 陈卓瑶[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市儿童医院检验科,广州510120

出　　处：《现代临床医学生物工程学杂志》2005年第5期414-415,418,共3页Journal of Modern Clinical Medical Bioengineering

摘　　要：目的了解儿童急性呼吸道感染(ARTIS)鼻咽部常见的病原菌及其耐药性.方法对285例取鼻咽拭子进行培养,分离鉴定病原菌,同时对肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌(Hi)进行耐药性监测.结果 285例中共检出病原菌161株,肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的分离率分别为20.4%、16.5%、13.0%、6.7%.肺炎链球菌对青霉素耐药率高达57.5%,同时对非β-内酰胺类抗生素复方新诺明、四环素、红霉素的耐药率已高达79.2%～89.5%,对头孢曲松、阿莫西林/棒酸尚具有较好的敏感性(85.1%～93.3%).Hi对氨苄西林的耐药率为13.3%,对头孢克洛、头孢曲松、头孢呋新、阿莫西林/棒酸均有很好的敏感性(96.4%～100%),对四环素、复方新诺明的耐药范围分别为25.3%～56.6%.结论肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是广州地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的常见病原菌.肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌耐药形势严峻,抗生素合理应用尤为重要.Objective To understand nasopharyngeal common pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in children with acute respiratory tract infections. Methods The authors cultured ,isolated and identified the pathogenic bacteria from nasopharyngeal swabs of 285 affected children. Antibiotic resistance were done for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae. Result 161 strains were isolated from 285 children , the isolating rate was 56.6% . The isolating rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus were 20.4%, 16.5 %, 13.0% ,6.7 %, respectively. The penicillin resistant Sp isolates ac- counted for 57.5 % . Resistant rate to non - beta - lactam antimicrohial agents such as tetracycline, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazol , erythromycin was high （79.2% - 89.5 % ） . 85.1% - 93.3 % of Sp were susceptible to amoxicillia/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone. The resistant rate of Hi to ampicillin was 13.3 % . 96.4 % - 100 % of isolates were susceptible to cefaclor, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and amoxieillin/clavulanic acid. The resistants to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol and tetracycline were 25.3 % ,56.6% , respectively. Conclusions S.pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis and S. aureus were the common etiologic agents for in children in Guangzhou area. The resistant Sp and Hi isolated from children with respiratory tract infection would be a severe problem.

关 键 词：急性呼吸道感染 细菌 抗生素 耐药性 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]