分形理论在洪水分期研究中的应用  

Application of fractal theory to stage research of flood events

作　　者：方崇惠[1] 雒文生[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省水利水电勘测设计院,湖北武汉430070 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2005年第6期9-13,共5页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室2002~2004年全国12座水库汛限水位设计与运用研究试点项目

摘　　要：分析水文现象的非线性、随机性和确定性、相似性,以一定尺度范围内(如年内季节间)洪水表现出的自相似性和分形特性,作为应用分形理论的论据.探讨用分形理论进行洪水分期的方法,给出了按时间尺度容量维和空间尺度相似维计算相应分维数的具体算法.以漳河水库历年汛期日最大流量为系列样本进行研究,结果表明,无论是用容量维数算法还是用相似维数算法,划分的洪水分期一致,且与经验统计方法划分的洪水分期一致,但分形方法比经验统计方法进行洪水分期具有定量和客观、计算简便的明显优点,有利于在生产实际中推广应用.The nonlinearity, randomness, determinability, and similarity of hydrological phenomena were analyzed. The selfsimilarity and fractal characteristic of floods events for a certain duration （e. g. a season of a year） provide a theoretic basis for adoption of fractal theory. In the study, the method for dividing flood in stages with fractal theory was discussed, and certain methods for calculating the fractal dimension according to the capacity dimension in temporal scale and the resemble dimension in spatial scale were put forward. The calculation methods were used to divide the flood stage for the Zhanghe Reservoir in terms of the maximal daily discharge in flood season of each year, and the results of the two methods agree with each other and are in accordance with that from empirical statistics. Compared with empirical statistics, the fractal method is of quantitative and objective characteristics and convenient in calculation, and it is of wide scope of application in practice.

关 键 词：分形理论 洪水分期 分维算法 漳河水库 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]