语言活力、语言态度与语文政策——少数民族语文问题研究  

The Language Vigor, Language Attitude and Language Policy

作　　者：道布[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《学术探索》2005年第6期95-101,共7页Academic Exploration

摘　　要：我国是一个多民族的统一国家,许多民族有自己的语言文字。中华人民共和国建立后,党和国家以马克思主义民族观为指导,坚持各民族一律平等的基本原则,制定实施了正确的民族语文政策,保障各民族使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由,民族语文工作取得突出成绩,对促进各民族的发展进步发挥了重要作用。半个多世纪以来,特别是改革开放以来,随着我国经济社会的发展和变革,民族语文的使用和发展情况也发生了重大变化。在语言活力方面,除少数几种民族语文具有较强活力外,大多数民族语文由于使用人口少、使用范围窄、使用水平低而丧失活力,建国后新创制的一些少数民族语文由于难以适应少数民族经济社会发展的需要而面临困境,一些少数民族语文由于使用较少而成为濒危语言。在语言态度方面,为了适应民族地区经济社会发展的需要,许多少数民族群众在保持、传承本民族语文的同时,自觉选择汉语文的学习和使用,双语学习和双语教育成为民族群众语文学习的一个普遍趋势。基于民族语文发展变化的特点和趋势,为了更好地促进民族地区的现代化发展,提高民族地区和少数民族群众的社会经济发展水平,新时期的民族语文工作应把握这样几点:第一,必须高度重视民族语文在民族政策中的敏感性,增强大局意识,把坚持语言平等,保障各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由,提倡各民族互相学习语言文字,作为维护民族团结,保持社会稳定,促进各民族共同繁荣进步的重要纽带。第二,保持民族语文政策的连续性和稳定性,依法开展民族语文工作。第三,从各民族的实际出发,分类指导,根据不同民族的需要和不同的语言态度,分别制定具体的民族语文规划,慎重、稳妥、积极地开展民族语文工作。对少数民族语言的学习和使用,要充分贯彻自愿自择China is a Multi- nationality country and many nationalities have their own languages and characters. Since the People＇s Republic of China was founded, the government has stipulated and carried out right policies on nationalities＇ languages and great changes also have taken place in their use and development. In the vigor of the languages, except for a few ones, most of them have gradually lost the vigor and have been in imminent danger because of less use. With respect to the attitude to the languages, many ethnic people choose self- consciously to learn Chinese language while inheriting their own languages in order to adapt themselves to the need of social - economic development. On the basis of the changes and the trend mentioned above, our language work in the new times should focus on these three points： firstly, improve the sensitiveness of the language policies, so as to ensure the equality of all nationalities＇ languages and advocate for all the nationalities to learn languages from one another; secondly, maintain the continuity and stability of the language policies, and develop language work by law; thirdly, on the basis of various realities, needs and attitudes of various ethnic groups, do the language planning respectively and carry out cautiously language work.

关 键 词：少数民族 语言文字 语文政策 语言活力 语言态度 

分 类 号：H2[语言文字—少数民族语言]