应用Ricker动态综合模型模拟解析东海区伏季休渔效果  

Simulative analysis on results of summer closed fishing in the East China Sea with Ricker population dynamic pool model

作　　者：严利平[1] 凌建忠[1] 李建生[1] 林龙山[1] 程家骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2006年第1期85-91,共7页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：科技部公益性资助项目(东海区渔业资源动态监测网)

摘　　要：中国政府于1995年正式宣布在东海区实施伏季休渔制度,休渔范围为27°00′N^35°00′N海域,时间为每年的7月1日至8月31日;1998年将范围进一步扩大到26°00′~35°00′N海域;时间延长,定为每年的6月16日至9月15日,并在中国的南海和黄渤海全面推广伏季休渔制度。自该制度的贯彻执行以来,取得了显著的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。本研究以东海区的主要经济鱼———带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)为研究对象,应用Ricker动态综合模型,解析东海区实施3个月的伏季休渔效果,揭示在不同的开捕年龄(tc)与捕捞死亡系数(F)组合下对带鱼渔业资源保护和利用之间的规律。结果表明,在目前开捕年龄偏低、网目尺寸偏小和捕捞压力较大的现实状况下,东海区实施伏季休渔制度很有必要;在带鱼开捕年龄为0.5龄、年捕捞死亡系数为1.5~3的渔业格局下,实施3个月的伏季休渔制度后,其年平均资源量、渔获量和渔获平均体重的增幅分别达到57.8%~104%、22.2%~32.2%和32.5%~42.9%,但带鱼群体所提供的资源量水平、所获取的渔获量和渔获平均体重仍显偏低,对其合理利用尚需要进一步完善;若将开捕年龄从0.5龄提高到1龄,则年平均资源量、渔获量和渔获平均体重的增幅分别达到173%~356%、72%~101%和149%~187%。鉴于东海区总体渔业资源状况呈衰退之势,且中国尚未实施TAC渔业管理制度,建议目前继续实施伏季休渔制度,并把提高起捕规格、放大网目尺寸作为首选管理目标。[中国水产科学,2006,13(1):85-91]The enforcement of the summer closed fishing in the East China Sea was declared by Chinese government in 1995 and the location for the closed fishing was 27°00＇N - 35°00＇N with the duration from July 1 to August 31 per year. In 1998 the location was extended to 26°00＇N - 35°00＇N and the duration was prolonged which was from June 16 to September 15 per year and the summer closed fishing area was extended to the South China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. The enforcement of the summer closed fishing has obtained obvious ecological, economical and social benefits and it is an important decision-making for sustainable fisheries development. In this paper the results of the three-month summer closed fishing （2001 -2003） were analyzed by Rieker population dynamic pool model, based on a main commercial speeies-hairtail, Thichiurus japonicus, and revealed a rule between the conservation of hairtail stock and its utilization with combination of a different catehable age （to） and fishing mortality coefficient （F）. The results indicated that it was necessary to carry out the summer closed fishing for the East China Sea under the case of a lower catehable age, a smaller mesh size and a larger fishing effort at present. If eatehable age for hairtail was 0.5 year and annual fishing mortality coefficient was 1.5 - 3, its average annual biomass, catch and average individual body weight could be increased by 57% - 104%, 22.2% - 32.2% and 32.5% - 42.9 %, respectively. However the biomass level, catch and average individual weight rooting in hairtail population was still lower and further reasonable utilization should be researched. If the eatchable age is increased from 0.5 year to 1 year, the average annual biomass, catch and average individual weight will be increased by 173% -356%, 72% - 101% and 149% - 187%, respectively. The fact is that the fishery resources are declining in the East China Sea and the TAC measure has not been enforced in China. We suggest the enforcement of summer closed fishin

关 键 词：Ricker动态综合模型 伏季休渔 开捕年龄 渔业管理 东海 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]