人类活动对典型三角洲演变的影响——Ⅰ长江和珠江三角洲  

Impacts of human activities on typical delta processes——Ⅰ The Yangtze and Pearl River deltas

作　　者：王兆印[1] 程东升 刘成 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利系,北京100084 [2]国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100044

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2005年第6期76-80,F0003,共6页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金和香港研究资助局联合资助(50318003);国家自然科学资金项目资助(50379056;50109006)

摘　　要：中国大多数河流三角洲发育,许多城市在靠近河口处发展起来并成为商业中心。日趋增大的人类活动的影响导致了新的问题,需要新的流域管理策略加以应对。长江、珠江、黄河和海河三角洲为我国河口三角洲的典型代表。本文以长江和珠江三角洲为例,讨论了三角洲的演变及相应的管理策略。长江携带大量的水、沙入东海,在河口处不断形成三角洲岛屿和浅滩,导致河道分汊。长江口实施的航道疏浚和填海造陆工程促进经济发展的同时,在一定程度上束窄和稳定了河口。珠江三角洲是由西江、北江、东江以及潭江、绥江、流溪河、增江等在珠江河口湾内堆积形成的复合三角洲。三角洲内河网密布,出海口门较多。促淤造陆、疏浚开挖排洪航运水道、人工采砂等改变了三角洲的演变。合理的调配水沙,控制无序采砂,有计划的围垦是珠江三角洲综合治理方略。Most rivers in China develop deltas. Many cities have consequently developed near fiver mouths and have become centers of commerce within China. The Yangtze, Pearl, Yellow and Haihe fiver mouths are typical examples in China. This paper discusses the impact of human activities on the delta processes and the corresponding management strategies with the Yangtze and Pearl River deh as examples. The Yangtze River carries large amounts of water and sediment into the East China Sea. Deltaic islands and shores develop continuously at the fiver mouth, leading to bifurcations of the channels. Navigation channel dredging and land creation projects are being implemented in the estuary. These projects will narrow and stabilize the fiver mouth. The Pearl River delta carries low sediment load, and therefore, waterways with many fiver mouths densely cover the whole delta. Land creation and reclamation from the estuary and sediment mining has been greatly affecting the delta processes. More appropriate management strategies are needed to harmonize the human activities and the natural process.

关 键 词：三角洲演变 长江 珠江 管理策略 

分 类 号：TV148[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]