污染土壤石油生物降解与调控效应研究  

A study of the bioremediation effects on the petroleum contaminated soil

作　　者：钟毅[1] 李广贺[1] 张旭[1] 金文标[1] 杜譞[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《地学前缘》2006年第1期128-133,共6页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2003AA601090);国家"十五"攻关项目(2003BA615A-10);国家自然科学基金资助项目(49972082)

摘　　要：为考察修复过程中土壤石油降解效应，选用中国北方某油田区现场的原油污染土壤，进行了投加除油菌、调节氮磷营养含量和水分含量等强化措施的修复试验。经过180d修复，结果表明，土壤石油污染物去除率达70．6％，去除速率达0．15g· kg^-1·d^-1，与自然条件相比，石油污染物半袁期由929d减少为103d。饱和烃去除率占总石油去除的75％以上，主要为十八烷、二十七烷、二十九烷、三十一烷与三十四烷。初期投菌对石油污染土壤的生物修复具有快速启动作用，但后期多次投菌对生物修复的促进作用不明显。对氮磷营养水平的适当调节有利于生物修复进行，本试验中对除油菌生长和石油去除最有利的有效态碳氮比为C：N=100：1～50：1。在石油去除过程中，土壤石油去除速率的变化与除油菌数量变化趋势基本一致，表明微生态环境调控对于污染土壤中的石油降解具有显著的促进作用。In an investigation of the biodegradation effects on the petroleum contaminated soil in an oilfield in northeast China, we have carried out remediation experiments by injecting oil-degrading bacteria and adjusting the N, P and water content of the soil. The results show that 70. 6% petroleum in the soil was removed in 180 days, and the degrading rate reached 0.15 g · kg^-1· d^-1. The half-life of petroleum in the soil remarkably decreased from 929 days to 103 days. Alkane, such as Octadecane, Heptacosane, Nonacosane, Hentriacontane and Tetratriacontane, accounted for more than 75 % of the total removal of petroleum. Injection of oil-degrading bacteria into soil clearly improved the biodegradation efficiency on petroleum at the initial experimental stage. However, no clear improvement was found by injecting the bacteria again later. Appropriate adjustment of the N, P nutrition level would be effective for the bioremediation. According to this experiment, C ： N=100 ： 1-50 ： 1 is found to be the best nutrition level for the growing of oil-degrading bacteria and the removal of petroleum in soil. The trend of the petroleum removal rate is similar to that of the oil-degrading bacteria population during the remediation. Adjusting the microcosm, such as the microbial characteristic, the nutrition level and water level in soil, would effectively improve the removal of petroleum.

关 键 词：石油污染土壤 生物降解 除油菌 营养水平 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]