污染场地健康风险评价的理论和方法  

Health-based risk assessment of contaminated sites:Principles and methods

作　　者：陈鸿汉[1] 谌宏伟[1] 何江涛[1] 刘菲[1] 沈照理[1] 韩冰[1] 孙静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境工程北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2006年第1期216-223,共8页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家重大基础研究"973"计划资助项目(1999045706);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40372109)

摘　　要：综合国外研究进展介绍了污染场地健康风险评价的基础理论和评价方法,基础理论主要从人体摄取污染物质的方式和机制以及污染物摄取剂量和人体健康效应的关系两方面开展讨论。评价方法从数据收集、暴露评估、毒性评估和风险表征4方面进行探讨。在此基础上,对评价方法进行了探讨,提出了“叠加风险”和“多暴露途径同种污染物累计健康风险”的概念和计算方法,分析了中国开展污染场地健康风险评价的相关问题,指出构建中国污染场地健康风险评价体系应从制定法律入手,以典型污染场地风险评价为试点,逐渐建立和完善风险评价指南和技术细则,最终完成包括法律法规、评价指南和技术细则等在内的污染场地健康风险评价体系的建立。We introduce basic principles and methods of the health risk assessment of contaminated sites based on oversea advances in the field. Regarding principles, we emphasize the mode and mechanism of ingestion of contaminants and dose-response relationship. As for the assessment methods, we focus on data collection, exposure assessment, toxicity assessment and risk characterization. We have put forward the concepts and estimation of the superposed risk and the total multi-pathway exposure risk for the same substance, and discussed the difficulties in assessing the health risk of contaminated sites in China. It is suggested that for developing a Chinese health risk assessment system of contaminated sites, the law should be enacted first. Then, pilot assessments of typical contaminated sites conducted, followed by health risk assessment guidelines and the establishment of technical documents, with modifications where necessary .

关 键 词：污染场地 健康风险评价 理论 方法 评价体系 叠加风险 多暴露途径同种污染物累计健康风险 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X508