含油废水的超临界水氧化反应机理及动力学特性  

Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics of Oil-Bearing Sewage Disposal by Supercritical Water Oxidation

作　　者：王亮[1] 王树众[1] 张钦明[1] 沈林华[1] 段百齐[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2006年第1期115-119,共5页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2003CB214500)

摘　　要：针对传统的处理方法不能有效地去除油田开采废水中化学需氧量(COD)的缺点,引入超临界水氧化法作为含油废水的深度处理技术,研究了含油废水在超临界水中的氧化降解过程,并用自由基反应机理解释了超临界水氧化反应的机理.实验结果表明:超临界水氧化法是一种高效快速的有机废物处理技术,COD的去除率近90%;反应温度、停留时间是影响废水COD去除率的主要因素,随着反应温度、停留时间的增加,废水COD去除率显著增大;氧化反应对废水的反应级数为1.62,对氧为0.22,反应活化能和频率因子分别为(92.2±9.9)kJ.mol-1和(3.53±3.33)×103,所建立的反应动力学模型与实验结果的偏差在±10%之内.此外,在分析综述基础上指出了超临界水氧化处理过程存在的问题及可能的解决方法.The conventional treatments are unable to effectively remove the chemical oxygen demand （COD） of waste water produced during oil extraction, and thus, it has seriously threatened the environment and the normal production of oil-field. An advanced method for oilbearing sewage treatment, supercritical water oxidation （SCWO）, was proposed. The oxidative degradation was investigated and the process of SCWO was explained with mechanism of free radical reaction. The experimental results show that SCWO is a high-efficiency treatment and disposal technique for organic wastes. Temperature and residence time serve as the main influence factors in removing COD of oil-bearing sewage, with which the COD removal rate obviously increases. The reaction of SCWO is 1.62 order in sewage COD and 0. 22 order in oxygen, the frequency factor and activation energy are （3.53±3.33）×10^3 and （92. 2±9. 9） kJ · tool^- 1 under 26 MPa, respectively. The deviation between the model and experimental data is ranged within ±10 %. The existing problems in the process of SCWO and the possible solutions are discussed.

关 键 词：超临界水氧化 含油废水 反应机理 动力学 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]