高温胁迫对水稻花粉和小穗育性及稻谷粒重的影响  

Influences of High-Temperature Stress on the Fertility of Pollen,Spikelet and Grain-Weight in Rice

作　　者：罗丽华[1] 刘国华[1] 肖应辉[1] 唐文帮[1] 陈立云[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第6期593-596,共4页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(03GGY3033);湖南农业大学青年基金资助项目(04QN12)

摘　　要：为探明水稻新品系996和4628耐热性差异的生理基础,以汕优63和金优207为对照,通过开花期、灌浆结实期人工气候箱高温处理和大田条件下种植,研究了高温对水稻花粉、小穗育性以及稻谷和糙米粒重的影响.结果表明:1)高温处理对花粉育性的影响因品种而存在较大差异,996花粉育性热害指数仅为21.7%,4628受高温胁迫影响严重,其花粉可育率显著下降,热害指数高达75.35%;2)开花期高温处理7d后水稻籽粒受精率明显降低,其中996下降幅度较小,仅为18.9%,4628则出现大幅下降,较自然条件种植的下降了42.8%;3)开花期、开花-灌浆结实期高温处理均使稻谷粒重与糙米粒重降低,其中开花期处理后汕优63,金优207和996三者稻谷粒重与糙米粒重均降至自然条件下的90%～93%,而4628降至70%;开花-灌浆结实期持续高温处理后,汕优63,金优207和996稻谷粒重与糙米粒重均降至自然条件下的71.6%～73.8%,糙米粒重下降至69.3%～71.9%,4628则因结实率过低无足够的种子量进行分析.In order to elucidate the physiological mechanism of the high-temperature tolerance difference between the two rice varieties, 996 and 4628, the influences of high-temperature on the fertility of pollen spikelet and grain weight were conducted with the plants that grow both in nature field and inside growth chamber with high-temperature treatment, using the hybrid rice, Shanyou63 and Jinyou207 as control varieties. The results showed that： 1） There are great differences on the fertility of pollen among the four rice varieties, with the minimum of index of heat sensitivity （HIS） of 21.7% for 996, and the maximum HIS of 75.35 % for 4628; 2） After high-temperature treatment for 7 days at flowering, the percentage of fertilized grains of four varieties decreased obviously, by the lower 18.9% for 996 and the higher 42.8% for 4628, respectively compared to the natural ones; 3） Both treatment Ⅰ （7 days treatment with 36 ℃ high-temperature at flowering） and Ⅱ （36 ℃ high-temperature treatment from flowering to grain-filling） decreased the weight of grain and brown rice. As for treatment I, it decreased to 90%-93% for Shanyou63, Jinyou207 and 996, whereas, 70% for 4628. As for treatment II, it decreased to 71.6%-73.8% for the CVs and 996, but that of 4628 couldn＇t be detected for lacking of enough grains.

关 键 词：水稻 高温胁迫 育性 结实率 粒重 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]