长白山红松阔叶林黏菌生态多样性  

Ecological diversity of Myxomycetes in Pinus koraiensis broad-leaved mixed forests of Changbai Mountaions

作　　者：图力古尔[1] 杨乐[1] 李玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学菌物研究所,长春130118

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第12期3133-3140,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30510154;30070624)~~

摘　　要：采用定点观察和取样调查法对长白山红松阔叶林中黏菌与植物群落类型以及基物、温度、湿度、光照等环境条件之间的关系进行了初步研究.结果表明,水曲柳+蒙古栎+红松林群落中黏菌多样性最丰富;枫桦+紫椴+红松林群落次之;水曲柳+胡桃楸+红松群落中最差.槭属(Acer)和椴属(Tilia)的腐木是最适宜黏菌生长的基物;栎属(Quercus)腐木次之.松属(Pinus)、白腊树属(Fraxinus)和其它类腐木上的黏菌种类丰富程度相对较低并彼此接近.灌木枯枝落叶上的黏菌种类比较有特色.胡桃楸(Juglans mand shurica)上未见黏菌分布.7～9月份是黏菌大量发生季节,日最高温度处于22～30℃、日最低温度10～18℃时和空气湿度处于66%～96%时适宜于绝大多数黏菌的生长.针阔混交林中的多数黏菌是避光生长的,但有少数几种黏菌是在向阳面形成子实体的.The follwing fixed position observation and sampling methods and the relationships between myxomycetes and plant community types, environmental conditions such as substrate, temperature, humidity and illumination were preliminarily investigated in Pinus koraiensis broad-leaved mixed forest of Changbai Mountains in Northeastern China. In three theropencedrymion sample plots composed of different trees, 22 genera 62 myxomycetes species are found in ＇Fraxinus mandshrica ＋Quercus mongolica ＋Pinus koraiensis＇ community, among them 19 are endemic species which can be found exclusively in this type of community; 18 genera 50 species in ＇Betula costata＋Tilia amurensis＋Pinus koraiensis＇ community, 14 endemic species; 16 genera 45 species in ＇Fraxinus mandshurica＋ Juglans mandshurica ＋ Pinus koraiensis＇ community, 10 endemic species. Gleason indexes of myxomycetes in these three communities were 6.68, 5.30, and 4.77 respectively. It is thus evident that myxomycetes prefer high crown canopy layer, well ventilation, and moderate humidity theropencedrymion without Juglans mandshurica. As for investigating results of various substrate, rotten wood of Aeer spp. and Tilia spp. are the optimal substrates for myxomycetes, 18 genera 58 species and 22 genera 55 species can be found respectively; then Quercus spp. follows, 13 genera 27 species can be found. The richness of myxomycetes on the rotten wood of Pinus spp. , Fraxnus spp. and other substrate are relatively low and close to each other, only 14-18 species can be found in them. Interestingly there is no distribution of myxomycetes on Juglans mandshurica, the latter may have some compositions which can restrain the growth of the former. In addition, myxomycetes on the litter of shrub have their own distinguishing feature. The change of seasons greatly affects the occurrence of myxomycetes, and July, August, September are preferred months during a year.Observation results of temperature and humidity, show that the optimum conditions for most myxomycetes g

关 键 词：黏菌 基物 植物群落 环境因子 

分 类 号：S718.8[农业科学—林学]