泰安地区松阿扁叶蜂越冬幼虫抗寒性  

The cold hardiness of overwintering larvae of Acantholyda posticalis matsumura(Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae)in Taian

作　　者：梁中贵[1] 许永玉[1] 孙绪艮[1] 张同心[1] 张卫光[1] 徐延熙[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植保学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第12期3259-3263,共5页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山东农业大学科学基金资助项目(JB22043)~~

摘　　要：松阿扁叶蜂越是松树的重要食叶害虫之一。其幼虫在松林土壤中越冬,越冬幼虫的抗寒能力影响翌年的种群密度和危害程度。用NTC-TD热敏电阻+数字电表法研究了越冬幼虫的过冷却能力并调查了越冬场所、龄期、死亡率等。结果表明:越冬幼虫的过冷却点随外界温度的高低而变化。4、5、6龄越冬幼虫平均过冷却点依次由越冬初期的-19.3℃-、20.3℃-、21.6℃降至越冬期的-22.5℃-、24.8℃-、23.1℃,冰点依次由越冬初期的-12.8℃-、12.9℃-、12.1℃降至越冬期的-14.1℃、-16.8℃-、15.3℃。从越冬期进入早春出蛰期后,随着温度的回升,过冷却点也随之升高。调查林间越冬幼虫龄期表明,4龄、5龄、6龄皆有,以5龄为最多,占53%;越冬幼虫以山坡中部和顶部土壤瘠薄处虫口密度较小,分别占28.6%和29.3%,山坡基部土层较厚处密度较大,占42.1%;越冬幼虫在树冠内的分布,以南部方位最多(27.0%),东部方位(26.3%)和西部方位(25.6%)略少,北部方位最少(21.1%);调查幼虫死亡因子,以真菌感染致死最多,占总死亡数的42.4%,细菌和其它因子分别为28%和29.7%。The pine sawfly, Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura is one of the key insect pests foraging on the pine leaves, and it overwinters as larvae in the soil of pine forest. The cold hardiness of overwintering larvae can make direct effects on its population and damage on the pine trees in the next year. The supercooling capability of the overwintering larvae were determined and the location, the stadium and the mortality of the larvae were surveyed during the winter in the pine forest. The results showed that the supercooling points （S℃P） of the overwintering larvae were changeable with the nature temperature during the winter period. The average S℃P of the 4th , 5th and 6th instar overwintering larvae decreased from -19.3℃, -20.3℃ and -21.6℃ at the beginning of the winter to -22.5℃,-24.8℃ and -23.1℃ at the overwintering stage, respectively, and the freezing point （FP） from -12.8℃,-12.9℃,-12.1℃ to -14.1℃,-16.8℃,-15.3℃, respectively. The S℃P of the overwintering larvae increased at the early spring when the air temperature got warmer. Surveys during the overwintering period showed that 53% of the overwintering larvae were the 5th instar larvae, and others were 4^th and 6^th instar larvae. The distribution of the overwintering larvae in the soil were mainly at the base of the hillside （42.1%） where the soil was thick, and 28.6% and 29.3% at the middle and top of the hillside where the soil was thin. The number of the overwintering larvae under the crown of a pine tree was different among the different directions, 27%, 26.3%, 25.6%, and 21.1% of the larvae at the south, east, west and north, respectively. 42% of the dead larvae were infected with fungi, and 28% and 29.7% with bacteria and other facters.

关 键 词：松阿扁叶蜂 越冬幼虫 过冷却点 死亡因子 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]