沙棘主要蛀干害虫种群生态位  

Niche of main boring pests in Hippophae rhamnoidea

作　　者：宗世祥[1] 姚国龙 骆有庆[1] 许志春[1] 王涛 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]宁夏彭阳县林业局,宁夏756500 [3]北京市门头沟区林业工作站,北京102300

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第12期3264-3270,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家水利部沙棘开发管理中心资助项目(200208);国家林业局科技司资助项目(2003-034-L34)~~

摘　　要：沙棘木蠹蛾(Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua,Chou,Fang et Chen)是近几年在我国内蒙古、辽宁、山西、宁夏、陕西和甘肃等地大面积爆发的一种钻蛀性害虫,主要以幼虫危害沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoidea)的根部和干部.在宁夏,沙棘除受到沙棘木蠹蛾的危害,还受到红缘天牛(Asias halodendri Pallas)的严重危害,该虫主要危害沙棘的干部.作者根据种群生态位理论,从时间、空间等资源利用上,定量地描述了沙棘木蠹蛾与红缘天牛种群之间的联系和竞争共存机制,结果表明:沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫主要分布在根部和干部80～120cm的范围内,不同时期,幼虫具有从干部向根部转移危害的习性;而红缘天牛主要分布在干部40～120cm的范围内,不同时期,幼虫没有转移危害的习性.沙棘木蠹蛾和红缘天牛的时间生态位和空间生态位宽度均较大,发生期较长,在沙棘上的活动范围较广,而不同时期内沙棘木蠹蛾的空间生态位宽度变动较红缘天牛大,其在沙棘上的活动范围在不同时期有较大的变动,而红缘天牛则较小.空间生态位重叠较小,在沙棘上的分布趋于分离,对空间资源的需求具有较大的差异,而时间生态位重叠较大,在沙棘的生长季节均能同时危害,危害期长但不具有明显的危害高峰期.两种害虫在空间生态位上的种间竞争强度较小,而在时间生态位上的种间竞争强度较大,在整个发生期内,两种害虫均能同时危害沙棘,但其位置有较大差异,在沙棘根部和干部40cm范围内,两种害虫几乎不能共存.The seabuckthorn carpenterworm, Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua, Chou, Fang et Chen has been a severe boring pest of seabuckthorn in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning, Shanxi, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in China in recent years. Larvae cause damage primarily to stems and roots of seabuckthorn. In Ningxia, besides H. hippophaecolus, seabuckthorn was infested by Asias halodendri, which is a severe boring pest of seabuckthorn stems. The relation and competitive and coexistent mechanisms of the two pest populations were researched detailedly in the temporal and spatial utilization for natural resource according to the theory of population niche. The results showed that H. hippophaecolus larvae distributed mainly in the roots and 80-120cm height of the stems and transferred from the stem to the root to damage in different periods, however, A. halodendri larvae aggregated mostly in 40- 120cm height of the stems and no transfer in different periods. The temporal and spatial niche breadth of the two pests were both big, which indicated that the occurring duration of the two pests is long and the boring range is wide in seabuckthorn tree, but the change of the spatial niche breadth of H. hippophaecolus is bigger than that of A. halodendri in different periods, which showed that H. hippophaecolus＇s infested situation have great change and that of A. halodendri is small. The spatial niche overlap of the two pests is small, which indicate the distribution of the two pests on seabuckthorn trends towards separating and the demand for space resources have great differences. However, the temporal niche overlap of the two pests is big, which show they can infest the seabuckthorn simultaneously in the growth season of the seabuckthorn, and they have not obvious peak of damage though they have a long damage periods. The interspecific competition of the two pests is little in the spatial niche and great in the temporal niche, which showed they can infest the seabuckthorn at the same time in the whole occurring tim

关 键 词：沙棘 沙棘木蠹蛾 红缘天牛 种群生态位 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]