秋水仙素离体诱导冬枣和酸枣四倍体  

In Vitro Tetraploid Induction of Ziziphus jujuba'Dongzao' and Z.acidojujuba(Z.spinosa Hu) with Colchicine

作　　者：王娜[1] 刘孟军[1] 代丽[1] 秦子禹[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学中国枣研究中心,保定071001

出　　处：《园艺学报》2005年第6期1008-1012,共5页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家发展与改革委员会项目;科技部科技攻关项目(2001BA502B09-04);河北省科技攻关项目(04220111D);河北农业大学科技将帅选拔培养计划项目;河北农业大学科研发展基金项目

摘　　要：以冬枣和酸枣组培苗丛芽为材料,研究了秋水仙素诱导染色体倍性变异的最佳浓度与时间组合、多倍体的特征及其纯化技术.结果表明:秋水仙素处理的最佳组合为50 mg·L-1秋水仙素处理40 d,诱导酸枣和冬枣染色体加倍的频率分别达36.37%和26.67%.嵌合体经3～4次继代分离得到了纯化,并对纯化后的变异株进行了增殖和生根.变异株根尖染色体数加倍(2n=4x=48),叶片增厚,栅栏组织、海绵组织明显发达,茎尖LⅠ、LⅡ和LⅢ层细胞均显著变大,充分表明获得的变异株为同质四倍体.同质四倍体的主要特征为:叶片增大,叶色浓绿,叶缘锯齿增大,保卫细胞增大,气孔密度降低.变异株在诱导期间表现出生长缓慢、叶片变圆、节间变短的暂时现象.In vitro tetraploid induction of ＇ Dongzao＇ （ Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ） and sour jujube （ Z. acidojujuba C. Y. Cheng et. M. J. Liu） was studied by treating cluster buds with colchicines supplemented in medium. The results indicated that the highest induction rates of sour jujube and ＇ Dongzao＇ were 36. 67% and 26.67% , respectively, under optimized colchicines treatment combination of 50 mg · L^- 1 for 40 d. After separated and subcultured 3 to 4 times, the chimeras were effectively purified and the purified plantlets were proliferated and rooted. The chromosome number of root-tip cells of the purified plantlets was 2n = 4x = 48. The section of paraffin-embeded shoot apices and leaves showed that the tetraploid leaves were thicker than diploid, the fence tissue and sponge tissue are more upgrowth, and the cell size of each layer of the tetraploid was larger than that of the diploid, which proved that the autotetraploid was obtained. Compared with the diploid, the tetraploid leaves showed bigger, darker and thicker with larger leaf serration and guard cell and lower density of stomas. In addition, the induced plantlets showed slower growth, smaller leaf index and shorter internode during the course of induction, which was only a temporary phenomena.

关 键 词：枣 酸枣 秋水仙素 四倍体 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]