秸秆覆盖法对土壤微生物区系的影响  

Influence of Straw Mulch on Soil Microorganism Flora

作　　者：顾爱星[1] 张艳[1] 石书兵[1] 马林[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2005年第4期64-68,共5页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部发展生态农业治理沙漠化土地研究与示范项目资助

摘　　要：本试验在新疆农业大学试验田进行,土样取自秸秆覆盖量不同的小麦地,采用稀释平板法和稀释液加滤纸条法分别测定土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌、好气性纤维素分解菌、嫌气性纤维素分解菌数量变化,并与产量进行相关性分析.结果表明:(1)秸秆覆盖法可以增加土壤微生物总数,其中细菌、真菌数量随秸秆覆盖量的增加而增加,放线菌数量无明显变化.(2)前期真菌所占百分比随秸秆覆盖量增加而增加,后期真菌所占百分比随秸秆覆盖量增加而基本不变;前期细菌、放线菌所占百分比随秸秆覆盖量增加变化不大,后期细菌所占百分比随秸秆覆盖量增加而增加,而放线菌所占百分比随秸秆覆盖量增加而降低.(3)土壤中固氮菌、好气性纤维素菌和嫌气性纤维素菌数量随秸秆覆盖量的增加而增加.(4)各类微生物数量在0～10 cm土层较多.(5)对微生物数量与秸秆覆盖量进行相关性分析,细菌、真菌相关性不显著;放线菌无相关性;固氮菌、好气性纤维素菌、嫌气性纤维素菌相关性显著.In the experiment, the soil was fetched from wheat field of straw mulch in Xinjiang Agricultural University experimental field. The dilute culture dish and dilute liquid with filter paper were used respectively to determine the amount variation of bacterium, fungi,actinomyces and nitrogen-fixing bacteria fine-air cellulosic and hate-air cellulosic bacteria, and to make the relative analysis with output. The results showed. （1）Straw mulch can increase soil microorganism amount, including the amount of bacterium, fungi increase with straw mulch increase, while the amount of actinomyces does not obviously change. （2）The proportion of fungi increases with straw mulch increase, however that didn＇t change fundamentally later. The proportion of bacterium,actinomyces is stable with straw mulch increase, however that of bacterium increases with straw mulch increase later, that of actinomyces decreases with straw mulch increase at the same time. （3）The amount of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, fine-air cellulosic and hate-air cellulosic bacteria increase with straw mulch increase. （4）There is more amount of microorganism in 0-10 cm soil layer. （5） The relative analysis on amount of microorganism and straw mulch was made. The relation between bacteria and fugi is not significantl; There is no relation among actinomyces. The relation among nitrogen-fixing bacteria, fine -air cellulosic and hate-air cellulosic bacteria is significant.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 土壤微生物 产量 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]