东海浮游十足类优势种环境适应的研究  

Study on the dominant species of pelagic Decapods in the East China Sea and their ecological adaptability

作　　者：徐兆礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《水产学报》2005年第6期762-768,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规化(973)项目(2001CB409700-07);国家生物栖息环境调查与研究专题(HY-126-02)

摘　　要：根据1997-2000年东海23°30'～33°N、118°30'～128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海浮游十足类优势种的生态特征进行了研究,探讨这些优势种对环境的适应及与渔场的关系.结果表明:主要优势种有中型莹虾Lucifer intermedius、刷状莹虾Lucifer penicillifer、细螯虾Leptochela gracilis和汉森莹虾Lucifer hanseni.前2个优势种是近海暖水种,细螯虾是广温高盐种,汉森莹虾是外海暖水种.近海暖水种不但平均丰度高,而且优势度和占浮游十足类总丰度的百分比均大于其它优势种.广温高盐优势种具有较高的出现率,细鳌虾丰度不高,但在每个季节、各个海区均有出现.在夏季,低温环境适应力差的暖水种往往有很高的聚集强度.与东海其它类群的浮游动物不同,浮游十足类以夏季丰度最大.就个体数量而言,以近海暖水种个体居多,主要分布在位于东海沿岸河口附近的鱼类产卵场.Based on the data from four seasonal oceanographic censuses in the East China Sea （23°30′ - 33°N, 118°30′ - 128°E） in 1997 - 2000, this paper discussed the ecological characters of the dominant species of Decapods in the East China Sea and significance in the form of fishing ground. Results showed that there were four dominant species of Decapods, Lucifer intermedius, Leptochela gracilis, lucifer penicillifer and leacifer hanseni, leacifer intermedius and leacifer penicillifer were warm-water species offshore, lucifer peniclllifer was warm-water sea species. Leptochela gracilis was eurythermic halobiotic species. The warm-water species offshore exhibited not only higher abundances but also bigger average dominance and abundance percentages of dominant species in total abundance than other species. The eurythermic halobiotic species usually exhibited higher occurrence frequency. For example, Leptocheia gracilis occurred in every district and season in the East China Sea though its abundance was relatively lower. Analysis in aggregation intensity of dominant species showed that the warm species with poor ability of adaptation to low temperature showed higher aggregation in summer. That was why the aggregation intensity of Lucifer peniciUifer and Lucifer hanseni was higher than that of Lucifer intermedius in that season. Different from other zooplankton in the East China Sea, the dominant species of Decapods showed such ecological characters as highest abundant level in summer, individuals of stenohaline species in most, distribution in costal and estuary near the fish spawn ground, which were very important in the fishery.

关 键 词：浮游动物 浮游十足类 环境适应 优势种 东海 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]